Mao

Question 1

What were the unequal treaties in China?

Answer 1

Treaties forced by Western powers from the 1840s onward

Question 2

When did China lose to Japan, adding to national humiliation?

Answer 2

1895

Question 3

How did China’s population change in the 18th century?

Answer 3

It doubled from 250 million to 500 million

Question 4

What caused unrest in early 20th-century China?

Answer 4

Imperial rule, famine, and overpopulation

Question 5

Who founded the GMD (Kuomintang)?

Answer 5

Sun Yatsen

Question 6

Who became president after the 1911 Revolution?

Answer 6

Yuan Shikai

Question 7

What happened after Yuan’s death in 1916?

Answer 7

A period of warlord control

Question 8

What was the May Fourth Movement (1919)?

Answer 8

Protest against Versailles Treaty and lack of Chinese sovereignty

Question 9

What influenced Mao’s revolutionary ideals?

Answer 9

The May Fourth Movement and failures of Yuan/Republicans

Question 10

What was Mao’s background?

Answer 10

A peasant from Hunan

Question 11

What was Mao’s quote on political power?

Answer 11

“All power grows out of the barrel of a gun”

Question 12

What was Mao’s instruction to Red Army soldiers in 1937?

Answer 12

“Be courteous and help out when you can. Return all borrowed articles”

Question 13

What did Mao say about the Red Army and peasants?

Answer 13

“The peasants are the sea

Question 14

When was the CCP founded?

Answer 14

1921

Question 15

Who did the CCP initially cooperate with?

Answer 15

The GMD, from 1924 to 1927

Question 16

What uprising did Mao lead in Jiangxi?

Answer 16

The Autumn Harvest Rising

Question 17

What warfare tactics did Mao favor?

Answer 17

Guerrilla warfare

Question 18

Who betrayed the CCP in 1927?

Answer 18

Jiang Jieshi

Question 19

What happened in the Futian Incident (1930)?

Answer 19

4,000 Red Army troops were tortured and executed

Question 20

What was the Long March (1934–35)?

Answer 20

CCP’s 11,000 km retreat to Yan’an

Question 21

What was the goal of the Red Army’s peasant policy?

Answer 21

To liberate peasants by targeting landowners and ending usury

Question 22

How did CCP membership grow from 1937 to 1945?

Answer 22

From 40,000 to 1 million due to land policies

Question 23

What % of China was rural in the early 20th century?

Answer 23

0.8

Question 24

Who were the “28 Bolsheviks”?

Answer 24

Comintern-loyal Chinese leaders like Li Lisan and Wang Ming

Question 25

What was the Rectification Campaign (1942–44)?

Answer 25

Mao's purge of dissent to establish ideological control

Question 26

How many were tortured in the Rectification Campaign?

Answer 26

Over 1,000 party members

Question 27

What title was Mao given by 1945?

Answer 27

"The Great Helmsman"

Question 28

When did the Second Sino-Japanese War begin?

Answer 28

1937

Question 29

How did Japan’s invasion affect the CCP?

Answer 29

It diverted GMD focus and allowed CCP to grow

Question 30

How many soldiers died in the Chinese Civil War?

Answer 30

Over 6 million

Question 31

Why did the Nationalists lose the Civil War?

Answer 31

Poor leadership, lack of morale, and lost U.S. support

Question 32

What led to the CCP’s victory in the Civil War?

Answer 32

Guerrilla tactics, peasant support, and morale under Mao

Question 33

When was the PRC established?

Answer 33

1 October 1949

Question 34

How many officials controlled each of China's six regions?

Answer 34

Four – chairman, party secretary, military commander, political commissar

Question 35

Who held real power in post-1949 China?

Answer 35

Mao and the Politburo

Question 36

What regions were targeted in Mao's reunification campaigns?

Answer 36

Tibet, Xinjiang, and Guangdong

Question 37

How many Tibetans fought the PLA and lost?

Answer 37

60000

Question 38

What were Mao’s anti-movements aimed at?

Answer 38

The bourgeois class

Question 39

How many landlords were executed during the anti-landlord campaign?

Answer 39

1 million

Question 40

What was the slogan of the 100 Flowers Campaign?

Answer 40

"Let a hundred flowers bloom

Question 41

What was the outcome of the 100 Flowers Campaign?

Answer 41

Critics were labeled rightists and arrested

Question 42

When was Mao’s first Five-Year Plan launched?

Answer 42

1952

Question 43

What was the Great Leap Forward (1958–62)?

Answer 43

Economic campaign to boost steel/agriculture through collectivization

Question 44

How many communes existed during the Great Leap Forward?

Answer 44

70000

Question 45

How many people lived in communes?

Answer 45

About half a billion

Question 46

How many died in the Great Leap Forward famine?

Answer 46

40 million

Question 47

How many died in Shandong and Anhui?

Answer 47

7.5 million in Shandong, 8 million in Anhui

Question 48

Why didn’t Peng Dehuai tell Mao about the famine?

Answer 48

He feared reprisal

Question 49

Who compiled the Little Red Book in 1964?

Answer 49

Lin Biao

Question 50

How many copies of the Little Red Book were sold in four years?

Answer 50

750 million

Question 51

What was attacked in the August 1966 rally?

Answer 51

The "Four Olds": old thoughts, habits, culture, customs

Question 52

Who enforced the Four Olds and targeted intellectuals?

Answer 52

The Red Guards

Question 53

Which leaders were purged for “Soviet revisionism”?

Answer 53

Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping

Question 54

What groups enforced Maoist ideology?

Answer 54

Gang of Four and Central Cultural Revolution Group

Question 55

Why were Red Guards sent to the countryside?

Answer 55

To learn the "dignity of labour"

Question 56

How many Red Guards were sent to the countryside?

Answer 56

12 million

Question 57

What was the “Cleansing the Class Ranks” campaign?

Answer 57

Purge between 1968–71 targeting opposition

Question 58

How many were killed/maimed in Inner Mongolia?

Answer 58

22,900 killed, 120,000 maimed

Question 59

How did Lin Biao die?

Answer 59

Plane crash in 1971 while fleeing China

Question 60

What were the Laogai?

Answer 60

Labour camps in Maoist China

Question 61

How many people were in Laogai camps per year?

Answer 61

10 million

Question 62

How many died in Laogai camps?

Answer 62

Over 25 million

Question 63

How many Laogai camps existed by Mao’s death in 1976?

Answer 63

Over 1,000

Question 64

When did Mao visit the USSR?

Answer 64

December 1949

Question 65

What was agreed in the Sino-Soviet Treaty (1950)?

Answer 65

$300 million loan and 10,000 Soviet advisors

Question 66

Why did Mao clash with Khrushchev in 1956?

Answer 66

Ideological and personal differences

Question 67

What war in 1962 worsened Sino-Soviet relations?

Answer 67

The Sino-Indian War

Question 68

What Cold War event further divided China and the USSR?

Answer 68

The 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 69

What 1963 treaty upset Mao?

Answer 69

The Test Ban Treaty

Question 70

When did the USSR withdraw scientists from China?

Answer 70

1959

Question 71

When did China detonate its first atomic bomb?

Answer 71

1964

Question 72

When did China test its first hydrogen bomb?

Answer 72

1967

Question 73

What did China name its hydrogen bomb test?

Answer 73

"59/6" to mock USSR withdrawal

Question 74

What did Mao call the USSR in the 1960s?

Answer 74

A "paper tiger"

Question 75

Why did U.S.-China relations sour in the early Cold War?

Answer 75

U.S. recognized Taiwan and opposed PRC

Question 76

Which wars did China clash with the U.S. in?

Answer 76

Korean War and Vietnam War

Question 77

What symbolized the reopening of U.S.-China relations in 1972?

Answer 77

Nixon’s visit – parting of the "Bamboo Curtain"