Spanish Civil War

Question 1

When did the Spanish Civil War begin?

Answer 1

17 July 1936

Question 2

What triggered the war?

Answer 2

A military revolt against the left-wing Republican government

Question 3

Which countries supported the Nationalists?

Answer 3

Germany and Italy

Question 4

What were Latifundia?

Answer 4

Large estates owned by landlords who hired poor laborers

Question 5

How many days of work did one-crop farming typically provide?

Answer 5

Only 200 days

Question 6

What were wages like for agricultural laborers?

Answer 6

Extremely low

Question 7

Which major left-wing unions existed in Spain?

Answer 7

UGT and CNT

Question 8

How many members did the CNT have by 1918?

Answer 8

Over 700,000

Question 9

What % of Spain’s workforce was in agriculture by 1930?

Answer 9

0.455

Question 10

What % of Spain’s population lived in cities over 100,000 by 1930?

Answer 10

0.42

Question 11

What % of the workforce was in industry in 1930?

Answer 11

0.256

Question 12

What Spanish regions were industrial hubs?

Answer 12

Basque Country (iron/steel), Asturias (coal), Catalonia (textiles)

Question 13

What were urban housing conditions like?

Answer 13

Slums with poor sanitation, no protections

Question 14

Which international event influenced revolutionary ideals in Spain?

Answer 14

The 1917 Bolshevik Revolution

Question 15

What was a major political division in Spain from 1900–31?

Answer 15

Regional separatism (Catalonia and Basques)

Question 16

How much of Catalan revenue was spent locally?

Answer 16

1/20 th

Question 17

Which political parties grew in Catalonia and the Basque Country?

Answer 17

Lliga Regionalista and PNV

Question 18

What led to the monarchy’s collapse in 1923?

Answer 18

Military coup by Primo de Rivera

Question 19

Who was made a powerless puppet under Primo de Rivera?

Answer 19

King Alfonso XIII

Question 20

When did Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship end?

Answer 20

January 1930

Question 21

What happened to Alfonso XIII after democratic votes?

Answer 21

He left Spain

Question 22

What government existed from 1931 to 1936?

Answer 22

The Second Spanish Republic

Question 23

What were the three phases of Republican governments?

Answer 23

Left (1931–33), Right (1933–36), Popular Front (1936)

Question 24

Which right-wing group opposed the Republic?

Answer 24

The Falange

Question 25

How much did imports/exports fall by 1935 compared to 1925?

Answer 25

Halved

Question 26

By how much did GDP fall in the 1930s?

Answer 26

0.2

Question 27

What was the unemployment rate in 1934?

Answer 27

0.129

Question 28

What was the 1932 Agrarian Reform Law?

Answer 28

Law to dismantle latifundia

Question 29

How many families were helped by the Agrarian Law?

Answer 29

Only 10% of the intended 60,000

Question 30

What % of the unemployed were agricultural workers?

Answer 30

0.72

Question 31

Why did the left lose the 1933 elections?

Answer 31

Opposition from anarchists and PSOE division

Question 32

What group organized rural uprisings in 1933?

Answer 32

FAI (anarchist group)

Question 33

What happened in the Cadiz uprising of 1933?

Answer 33

19 peasants were killed by Assault Guards

Question 34

Which party gained right-wing support in 1933?

Answer 34

CEDA

Question 35

What happened during the Asturias Uprising (Oct 1934)?

Answer 35

58 churches burned, 31 hostages killed, 1,335 rebels executed

Question 36

Why did the Radical-CEDA government collapse?

Answer 36

Internal failure of coalition

Question 37

What did the Popular Front government do in early 1936?

Answer 37

Resumed leftist reforms and restored Catalan autonomy

Question 38

Which fascist party grew rapidly in 1936?

Answer 38

The Falange

Question 39

What was the Spanish Military Union (UME)?

Answer 39

A military group with 3,500 officers that supported the uprising

Question 40

How did left-wing groups respond to the uprising?

Answer 40

Formed militia units

Question 41

How many soldiers died in the Spanish Civil War?

Answer 41

Between 350,000 and 500,000

Question 42

What % of the population died during the war?

Answer 42

Around 2% of 24 million

Question 43

Who received postwar benefits under Franco?

Answer 43

Nationalist wounded soldiers

Question 44

How many fled Nationalist Spain after the war?

Answer 44

400,000 fled, 250,000 remained in exile

Question 45

What was women’s role in Nationalist Spain?

Answer 45

Traditional housewives

Question 46

What rights were denied to women under Nationalists?

Answer 46

Divorce, civil marriage, mixed-gender education

Question 47

What was female education under Franco focused on?

Answer 47

Domestic roles and motherhood

Question 48

What marriage reform occurred in Republican Catalonia?

Answer 48

A marriage code granting equal rights

Question 49

Who was Federica Montseny?

Answer 49

First female cabinet member in Europe (1936)

Question 50

Who was Lina Odena?

Answer 50

A female militia member (miliciana) featured in propaganda

Question 51

What happened to women in Republican militias?

Answer 51

Eventually moved to factory work

Question 52

What happened to industrial production post-war?

Answer 52

Dropped to 25% of 1929 levels

Question 53

What % of the railway remained functional?

Answer 53

0.5

Question 54

What % of livestock remained post-war?

Answer 54

0.67

Question 55

How much debt did Nationalist Spain have?

Answer 55

$700 million

Question 56

When did Spain finish repaying Civil War debt?

Answer 56

Into the 1960s

Question 57

What happened to Republican gold reserves?

Answer 57

They were spent during the war

Question 58

Who ruled Spain after the war?

Answer 58

Francisco Franco

Question 59

What type of government did Franco lead?

Answer 59

Right-wing conservative dictatorship

Question 60

What values did Franco promote?

Answer 60

Nationalism, Catholicism, traditional family, self-sufficiency

Question 61

Who held real power in Francoist Spain?

Answer 61

The army

Question 62

How long did Franco rule Spain?

Answer 62

Until his death in 1975