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IB History HL > The military role of the US > Flashcards

The military role of the US Flashcards

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1
Q

What year did Japan invade Manchuria?

A

1931

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2
Q

When did the Second Sino-Japanese War begin?

A

1937

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3
Q

What percentage of U.S. exports to Asia went to Japan?

A

0.5

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4
Q

When did the 1911 U.S.-Japan trade treaty expire?

A

26 January 1940

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5
Q

What was Roosevelt’s stance on future trade with Japan after the trade treaty expired?

A

Trade would be on a day-to-day basis.

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6
Q

What percentage of Americans approved of Roosevelt’s trade policy with Japan in 1940?

A

0.81

1911 Trade Treaty expired

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7
Q

What was the U.S. Department of State’s moral embargo on July 1, 1938?

A

The U.S. strongly opposed selling aircraft and equipment to countries that attacked civilians.

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8
Q

What was the new government that Japan created in July 1940?

A

“Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere”

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9
Q

What was the U.S. response to Japan’s creation of the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere in July 1940?

A

Export Control Act of July 1940: President could stop the export of war materials.

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10
Q

When did Japan join the Three Power Pact?

A

September 1940

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11
Q

When did Japan station 6000 men in French Indochina?

A

22 September 1940

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12
Q

When was the Russo-Japanese Non-aggression Pact signed?

A

April 1941

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13
Q

When did the U.S. begin placing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers in the Philippines?

A

June 1941

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14
Q

When did the U.S. cut off all oil, iron, and rubber supplies to Japan?

A

July 1941

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15
Q

What percentage of Japan’s oil came from the U.S.?

A

0.85

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16
Q

When did Roosevelt close the Panama Canal to Japanese shipping?

A

July 1941

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17
Q

When did General Tojo replace Prince Konoye as Premier of Japan?

A

18 October 1941

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18
Q

What was Operation Magic?

A

Established in 1920 to decipher Japanese radio transmissions.

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19
Q

When did Japan set a deadline for diplomatic progress?

A

25 November 1941

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20
Q

When did the attack on Pearl Harbor take place?

A

7 December 1941

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21
Q

How many U.S. service men were killed in the attack on Pearl Harbor?

A

2345

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22
Q

How many U.S. service men were injured in the attack on Pearl Harbor?

A

1240

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23
Q

How many civilians were killed and wounded in the attack on Pearl Harbor?

A

57 killed, 35 wounded

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24
Q

When did the U.S. declare war on Japan?

A

8 December 1941

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25
Who was the U.S. President during the attack on Pearl Harbor?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
26
What was Roosevelt's famous quote to Congress on 8 December 1941?
“American people in their righteous might will win through absolute victory”
27
How many votes opposed war declaration in the House of Representatives on 8 December 1941?
One
28
What other countries declared war on the U.S. after Japan?
Germany and Italy
29
What was the first major victory for the U.S. in the Pacific War?
Battle of the Coral Sea, May 1942
30
When was the Battle of Midway fought?
June 1942
31
How many battleships, aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, and aircraft did Japan have at Midway?
11 battleships, 8 aircraft carriers, 12 cruisers, 43 destroyers, 700+ aircraft
32
How many carriers did Japan lose in the Battle of Midway?
4
33
How many planes did Japan lose in the Battle of Midway?
50% of their entire fleet
34
When did the Battle for Guadalcanal begin?
7 August 1942
35
How many men did the U.S. lose in the Battle for Guadalcanal?
7000
36
How many men did Japan lose in the Battle for Guadalcanal?
31000; August 1942
37
When did Japan abandon Guadalcanal?
1943
38
When did Island Hopping begin for the U.S.?
Mid-1943
39
Who coined the phrase "Wither on the vine" during Island Hopping?
General MacArthur
40
When did Operation Meetinghouse occur?
9-10 March 1945
41
How many casualties did Operation Meetinghouse cause in Tokyo?
80000
42
When did Harry Truman become president?
April 1945
43
When did the Interim Committee decide to use atomic bombs?
Early June 1945
44
When was Hiroshima bombed?
6 August 1945
45
How many were killed and wounded in the Hiroshima bombing?
70,000 killed, 70,000 wounded
46
When was Nagasaki bombed?
9 August 1945
47
How many were killed and wounded in the Nagasaki bombing?
40,000 killed
48
When did Japan surrender in WWII?
2 September 1945
49
What caused Japan’s steel output to drop from 8 million tons in 1944 to 1 million in 1945?
The U.S. war effort and blockades
50
How many aircraft did the U.S. build compared to Japan?
U.S. built 325,000, Japan built 79,000
51
What percentage of Japan’s merchant shipping did U.S. submarines sink?
0.75
52
How many Japanese became homeless by the end of WWII?
22 million
53
What did Orthodox historians believe about the use of the atomic bombs?
They believed the bombings were necessary to end the war.
54
What is the Revisionist view on the atomic bombings?
They argue that a blockade could have forced Japan’s submission without the bomb.
55
What did Admiral Leahy say about the atomic bomb?
He saw it as no different from poisonous gas or biological weapons.
56
How much did the U.S. spend on researching and developing the atomic bomb?
$2 billion
57
What operation began on 22 June 1941 with the German invasion of the USSR?
Operation Barbarossa
58
What was the Battle of Stalingrad?
A battle from September 1941 in which 278,000 Germans were trapped.
59
How many German soldiers were killed at Stalingrad?
200000
60
How many German soldiers died during the Battle of Stalingrad?
91,000 prisoners taken, 200,000+ killed
61
When did the USSR capture Berlin?
2 May 1945
62
How many lives did the USSR lose in WWII?
9 million (with estimates of up to 20 million)
63
How many towns and villages were destroyed in the USSR during WWII?
1710 towns and 70,000 villages
64
What was the U.S. lend-lease program to the USSR?
The U.S. lent 18,000 aircraft, 11,500 tanks, 7300 armored vehicles, 435,000 trucks, and 500 naval vessels to the USSR.
65
How many German divisions did the U.S. lend-lease program destroy?
600 German divisions (12,000 soldiers)
66
When did the German U-boats adopt the "sink on sight" policy?
1939
67
How many tons of shipping were sunk in three weeks in January 1942?
150,000 tons
68
How many tons of shipping did the U.S. build in 1942 and 1943?
4 million tons in 1942, 11 million tons in 1943
69
When did the Battle of El Alamein take place?
October 1942
70
How many German tanks were destroyed at El Alamein?
Over 300 tanks
71
When did Operation Torch take place?
November 1942
72
How many Axis soldiers were in Sicily in 1943?
200,000+ soldiers
73
When did Italy surrender?
8 September 1943
74
How many casualties did the Allies suffer from 1943-45 in Italy?
300,000 casualties
75
What was Operation Overlord?
The D-Day invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944
76
How many German fighter pilots did the Allies kill before D-Day?
Over 2600 German fighter pilots
77
How many troops landed on D-Day?
156,000 total (US, UK, CAN)
78
How many Allies were injured and killed on D-Day?
10,000 Allies injured, 2,500 killed
79
When did Paris get freed?
25 August 1944
80
How many Allied soldiers were flown behind enemy lines on 17 September 1944?
30,000+ troops
81
How many men were killed during the failed operation to capture 8 bridges in September 1944?
10,000 men killed
82
What was the Battle of the Bulge?
A battle in December 1944-January 1945 where Germans made rapid advances into Belgium and Luxembourg.
83
How many U.S. soldiers were killed in the Battle of the Bulge?
19000
84
How many German soldiers were killed in the Battle of the Bulge?
20000
85
What did Orthodox historians believe about the use of the atomic bombs?
They believed the bombings were necessary to end the war.
86
What is the Revisionist view on the atomic bombings?
They argue that a blockade could have forced Japan’s submission without the bomb.
87
What did Admiral Leahy say about the atomic bomb?
He saw it as no different from poisonous gas or biological weapons.
88
How much did the U.S. spend on researching and developing the atomic bomb?
$2 billion
89
Who was William O’Neill and what did he argue about the atomic bomb?
William O’Neill argued in *A Democracy at War* that Japan would fight to the "last man, woman, and child."
90
What was Winston Churchill's stance on the atomic bomb?
Churchill supported the use of the atomic bombs, considering them necessary for victory.
91
What argument did Revisionists make regarding the use of the atomic bomb in relation to the USSR?
Revisionists argue the use of the bomb was also a show of force to the USSR, not just to end the war with Japan.
92
What was the common belief about Japan’s potential resistance to U.S. victory according to Orthodox historians?
Orthodox historians believed Japan would have continued fighting to the bitter end without the atomic bomb.
93
What was Truman’s stance on the atomic bomb?
Truman believed the bomb was essential to end the war quickly and justify the $2 billion spent on its development.

IB History HL (14 decks)

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