Fuid Balance And Water Content

Question 1

How much water does a healthy body contain

Answer 1

60-70% (inside each cell is 80% water)

Question 2

How much water does an older patient contain

Answer 2

50-55%

Question 3

How much water does a younger patient contain

Answer 3

75%

Question 4

Why occurs inside the water

Answer 4

All body’s chemical reactions take place to keep it alive

Question 5

How do we increase blood pressure

Answer 5

Fluid therapy

Question 6

How is fluid lost - sensible loses

Answer 6

Respiratory system
Urine
Faeces
Sweat
Panting
Tears
Secretions

Question 7

How is fluid gained

Answer 7

Eating
Drinking

Question 8

Not eating

Answer 8

Anorexia

Question 9

Not drinking

Answer 9

Adyesia

Question 10

Insensible loses

Answer 10

Vomit and diarrhoea
Excessive urinating and bleeding

Question 11

Checks for hydration

Answer 11

Skin pinch test
capillary refill time (CRT)
Mucous membrane colour
Pulse quality
Heart/pulse rate

Question 12

Skin pinch test

Answer 12

Pinch skin near shoulder
Snap back time:
0 secs = hydrated
2-4 secs = moderately dehydrated
4+ secs = severely dehydrated

Question 13

Capillary refill time (CRT)

Answer 13

Press upper gum - pressure point will be lighter in colour
Colour return time:
2 secs = hydrated
3+ secs = dehydrated

Question 14

Other area for CRT

Answer 14

where there is mucus membrane- mouth/gums, eye and vagina

Question 15

Hypovolaemic shock

Answer 15

Low blood volume shock - oxygen struggle to get where it needs to go so not getting to body tissues

Question 16

What are the 2 compartments the body can be divided into

Answer 16

Intracellular (ICF)
Extracellular (ECF)

Question 17

Intracellular fluid

Answer 17

Makes up 40% of total body weight - 2/3s of water in the body found in the cell membranes

Question 18

Extracellular fluid

Answer 18

Makes up 20% of total body weight - 1/3 of water in the body

Question 19

What makes up Extracellular fluid

Answer 19

80% interstitial fluid (between cells)
20% plasma (in blood)

Question 20

What does ECF contain

Answer 20

Mainly sodium Na+ and chloride Cl- (salt)

Question 21

What does ICF contain

Answer 21

Mainly potassium (K+) maintains homeostasis / the balance of the body
Nerve propagation
Muscle contractions
Water compartments in place

Question 22

Elecrolytes

Answer 22

Charged particles - Na+ Cl- and K+

Question 23

What 2 processes are responsible for movement of water and the substances within it

Answer 23

Diffusion - substances only
Osmosis - water only

Question 24

Diffusion

Answer 24

The movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration passing down a concentration gradient

Question 25

Osmosis

Answer 25

The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration across a concentration gradient

Question 26

Where does osmosis occur

Answer 26

Between Intracellular fluid and Extracellular fluid across the cell membrane

Question 27

Osmotic pressure

Answer 27

The pressure that is applied to prevent the fluid moving further than equal concentrations

Question 28

Isotonic solution

Answer 28

Osmotic pressure equal to plasma where no transfer of water moves in or out of cell

Question 29

Hypertonic solution (conc)

Answer 29

Solutions with higher osmotic pressure than plasma (water moves out of cell - crenated)

Question 30

Hypotonic solution (dilute)

Answer 30

Solutions with an osmotic pressure lower than plasma (water moves into cell -swells)

Question 31

Why is no energy required for diffusion

Answer 31

Passive movement of particles