Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy > Neurological And Sensory Systems > Flashcards

Neurological And Sensory Systems Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Function of choroid layer

A

Black pigment absorbs light
Iridescent layer reflects light onto retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of iridic granules

A

Shade from direct sunlight - extension of iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of the lens

A

Focus light onto retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of retina

A

Transmits information from photosensitive cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does the diameter of spinal cord decrease from cranial to caudal

A

Nerves branch away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 layers of meninges surround spinal cord and the brain

A

Duromater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the white matter contain

A

Myelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does grey matter contain

A

Synapses mostly
Dendrite
Cell body
Axon terminal
Non myelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is the cerebral cortex folded

A

Larger surface area to fit more synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Structures that make up the CNS

A

Brain
Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Structures that make up PNS

A

cranial and spinal nerve branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 functional divisions of peripheral nervous system

A

Autonomic and symatic systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Autonomic and symatic branch to what

A

Para sympathetic and sympathetic
Which are involuntary and voluntary (reflex arc isn’t)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is contained within the sympathetic trunk

A

Sympathetic axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 structures that make up the brain stem

A

Mid brain
Pons
Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the nervous system

A

A system which takes information from outside world, analyses it and brings about an appropriate response (motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are neurons responsible for

A

Transmission of nerve impulses throughout nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are neurones supported by

A

Connective tissue and neuroglial cells (accessory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Example of glial cells

A

Schwann cell - as it helps neuron to function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Parts that make up a neuron

A

Cell body (houses nucleus)
Dendrons forming finer dendrites
Axon
Myelin sheath
Nodes of ranvier
axon terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Roles of dendron/dendrites

A

Carry impulses TOWARDS cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Axon role

A

Carries nerve impulses AWAY from cell body (may be only a few mm long)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Myelin sheath role

A

Increases speed of transmission of the impulse but is interrupted along the axon (nodes of ranvier)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Nodes of ranvier role

A

Gaps between myelinated sheath that impulse can jump across to increase impulse speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Axon terminal role
Branch endings of axon that make synaptic contacts with the dendrites of the other nerve cells
26
Structure of neuron
Can be anywhere between a few mm to a metre long Can vary in shape Cell body can be in different areas along axon
27
What does White matter contain
Myelinated axons - fat wrapped around myelin sheath
28
What does grey matter contain
Non myelinated axons Dendrites Cell body Axon terminals
29
What are vesicles
Chemical transmitters found in the pre-synaptic terminal Acetylcholine, adrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine
30
What happens when a nerve impulse reaches the end of a neuron
Calcium is pumped into the neuron via a voltage gated calcium ion channel and pushes vesicle to pre synaptic terminal
31
What is the pre synaptic cleft
Gap where chemical transmitter are released into
32
What is the synapse called when a nerve meets a muscle
Neuromuscular junction
33
When the inside action potential is more negative than outside what happens to axon
It is said to be polarised- at test
34
What depolarises the neurone membrane
A stimulus so the inside becomes more positive
35
Repolarisation
The axon returns to rest
36
What are the 2 parts the nervous system splits into
Central nervous systems (brain and spinal cord) Peripheral nervous system (all other nerves)
37
What does the peripheral nervous system split into
Autonomic nervous system (communicates with internal organs and glands) INVOLUNTARY Somatic nervous system (communicates with sense organs and voluntary muscles) VOLUNTARY
38
What does the autonomic nervous system split into
Sympathetic division (arousing) Parasympathetic division (calming)
39
What does the somatic nervous system split into
Sensory (afferent) nervous system - sensory input back to CNS Motor (efferent) nervous system - motor output away from CNS
40
What are the 3 divisions of the brain
Forebrain Mid brain Hindbrain
41
Forebrain contents
Cerebrum - conscious thought Split into 4 lobes for each hemisphere Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal (Olfactory lobe in dogs as it is large for scent) Thalamus Hypothalamus
42
Corpus callosum
Area that joins the two cerebral hemispheres
43
Frontal lobe
Motor control Speech Problem solving Olfactory bulb sits on inferior surface used for scent
44
Parietal lobe
Sensory input and proprioception (aware of where body is)
45
Occipital lobe
Vision
46
Temporal lobe
Auditory Language comprehension Memory
47
Thalamus
A paired area of sensory input process
48
Hypothalamus
A paired structure that maintains homeostasis Controls hormonal release by the pituitary gland
49
Midbrain contents
A structure of Fibres that attach forebrain and hindbrain together with nerves passing through Difficult to see in gross specimens
50
Hindbrain contents
Cerebellum Pons Medulla (oblongata)
51
Cerebellum
“Little brain” Controls balance and coordination (near temporal and occipital bone)
52
Pons
Lays ventral to cerebellum Centre that controls respiration
53
Medulla
Extends from the pons and merges into the spinal cord Controls respiration and blood pressure
54
What makes up the brain stem
Midbrain Pons Medulla
55
4 things that protect the brain
Cranium Ventricular system Meninges Blood brain barrier
56
What is the ventricular system
Interconnected canals filled with cerebrospinal-spinal fluid (CSF) within the brain and spinal cord to protect from damage by sudden knocks/movements Provides nutrients to nervous tissue
57
What are the meninges
3 protective layers around the brain and spinal cord Dura mater (outer layer) Arachnoid mater (middle layer) Pia mater (inner layer)
58
How long does the spinal cord run
From medulla oblongata to the 6th/7th lumbar vertebrae (hips)
59
What is the spinal cord protected by
Surrounding bony vertebrae
60
Tapered end of spinal cord
Conus medullaris
61
What are the enlargements points called on the spinal cord
Intumescentia
62
After the 6th/7th lumbar vertebrae the cord breaks up into many smaller nerves called
Cauda equine (horse tail in Latin )
63
What is the area where the spinal cord is tethered called
Filum terminale - 3 layers of meninges fused together
64
Inner Grey matter of spinal cord (butterfly Core)
Contains synapses of nerves either about to leave or have just entered spinal cord Forms dorsal lateral and ventral horns
65
Key features of cross section of the spinal cord
Central canal Grey matter White matter Ventral median fissure (groove) Dorsal horn Lateral horn Ventral horn
66
Dura mater and arachnoid mater are essentially what
Sheets on top of the brain
67
Pia mater is essentially what
Goes inside all grooves in the brain
68
Blood brain barrier
Physical barrier between blood and brain (gleal cells)
69
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Nerves leaving the brain - can be sensory (to CNS) / motor (away CNS) or mixed Nerves leaving the spinal cord (all mixed neurones)

Clinical Anatomy (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions