Fungi

Question 1

what do mushrooms do?

Answer 1

break down organic material and recycle vital nutrients

Question 2

how do fungi feed

Answer 2

they are heterotrophs that feed by absorption

Question 3

what are exoenzymes

Answer 3

fungi secrete into their surroundings break down complex molecules

Question 4

three lifestyles of fungi

Answer 4

1. decomposers
2. parasites
3. mutualistic symbionts

Question 5

why is morphology of fungi important?

Answer 5

enhances their ability to absorb nutrients from their surrondings

Question 6

fungi cell walls made of?

Answer 6

chitin

Question 7

mycelia

Answer 7

networks of branched hyphae for absorbtion

Question 8

coenocytic fungi

Answer 8

lack septa

Question 9

mycorrhizae

Answer 9

mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots

Question 10

how do fungi produce spores

Answer 10

asexually or sexually

Question 11

plasmogamy

Answer 11

cell fusion

Question 12

karyogamy

Answer 12

nuclear fusion

Question 13

heterokaryotic stage

Answer 13

between plasmogamy and karyogamy in which cells have haploid nuclei from two parents

Question 14

example of asexual reproduction?

Answer 14

mold, yeast

Question 15

fungi ancestor

Answer 15

aquatic, single-celled flagellated protist

Question 16

fungi and Animalia are closely related but…

Answer 16

not as close as Animalia and choanoflagellates

Question 17

fungi common ancestor

Answer 17

was unicellular and bore flagella

Question 18

fungi when evolved when?

Answer 18

before colonization of land by multicellular organisms

Question 19

cryptomycetes

Answer 19

• found in soil, freshwater, marine habitats
• 30 species
• unicell w/ flagellated spots

Question 20

microsporidians

Answer 20

• 1300 species
• small genomes
• unicell parasites of protists and animals including humans
• lack flagellated spores

Question 21

chytridiomycota

Answer 21

fungi phylum, zoospores

Question 22

zoopagomycota

Answer 22

• 900 species (most parasitic)
• force insects to perch (“fly death fungus”)

Question 23

mucoromycota

Answer 23

• fast-growing molds, parasites
• plasmogamy –> zygosporangia
• shoot sporangia 2.5m away
• decompose animal feces

Question 24

zygosporangia

Answer 24

• persist through any conditions
• multiple haploid from two parents

Question 25

ascomycota

Answer 25

- marine, freshwater, terrestrial - defined by asci (saclike spores) and ascocarps (fungi bodies)

Question 26

cordyceps

Answer 26

arthropod parasitic fungi that control behavior like zoopagomycetes

Question 27

basidiomycota

Answer 27

include mushroom and shelf fungi

Question 28

lichens

Answer 28

symbiotic association of millions of photosynthetic microorganisms held in a mass of fungal hyphae

Question 29

how many known fungal species are parasitic?

Answer 29

30%

Question 30

what's implicated in mass amphibian die offs

Answer 30

chytrids