Introduction to Invertebrates

Question 1

invertebrates

Answer 1

animals lacking a backbone

Question 2

what percent of animals are invertebrates?

Answer 2

95%

Question 3

what are sponges?

Answer 3

basal animals lacking true tissue

Question 4

phylum porifera

Answer 4

informally known as sponges

Question 5

describe living conditions of sponges

Answer 5

• sedentary and live in marine and freshwater

Question 6

how do sponges feed?

Answer 6

suspension feeder: capturing food particles suspended in water

Question 7

spongecoel

Answer 7

cavity that water is drawn through

Question 8

osculum

Answer 8

water goes out through this opening

Question 9

Choanocytes

Answer 9

flagellated collar cells that generate current through sponge and ingest suspended food

Question 10

mesohyl

Answer 10

gelatinous noncellular layer between two cell layers

Question 11

amoebocytes

Answer 11

found in mesohyl and play roles in digestion and structureh

Question 12

hermaphrodites

Answer 12

each individual functions as both male and female

Question 13

cnidarians are an ancient phylum of…?

Answer 13

eumetazoans

Question 14

body plan of a cnidarian?

Answer 14

sac with digestive compartment (gastrovascular cavity)

Question 15

what has a single opening functioning as a mouth and an anus?

Answer 15

cnidarian

Question 16

polyp

Answer 16

adheres to the substrate by the aboral end of its body

Question 17

medusa

Answer 17

bell-shaped body with mouth on the underside

Question 18

cnidarians eat what?

Answer 18

carnivores; meat

Question 19

cnidocytes

Answer 19

along tentacles

Question 20

nematocysts

Answer 20

specialized organelles within cnidocytes that eject a stinging thread

Question 21

how do most hydrozoans exist?

Answer 21

alternating between polyp and medusa forms

Question 22

primary life form in phylum scyphoza

Answer 22

jellies

Question 23

what are cubozoans?

Answer 23

box jellies (sea wasp) with complex eyes
–> highly toxic cnidocytes

Question 24

what makes up class anthozoa

Answer 24

corals, sea anemones
- form symbiosis with algae

Question 25

what are bilaterians?

Answer 25

- bilateral symmetry and triploblastic development - most have coelom and a digestive tract with 2 openings

Question 26

the clade bilateria contains what three sections?

Answer 26

- lophotrochozoa - ecdysozoa - deuterostomia

Question 27

lophotrochozoans

Answer 27

widest range of animal body forms

Question 28

lophotrochozoa includes what animals?

Answer 28

flatworms, rotifers, ectoprocts, brachiopods, molluscs, and annelids

Question 29

flatworms

Answer 29

- members of phylum Platyhelminthes - live in marine, freshwater, damp terrestrial - acoelomates - flattened dorsoventrally - gastrovascular cavity w/ 1 opening

Question 30

protonephridia

Answer 30

regulate osmotic balance in flatworms

Question 31

flatworms lineages

Answer 31

- turbellarians: planarians, etc. - trematodes: blood and liver flukes - cestodes: tapeworms

Question 32

planarians

Answer 32

- best-known rhabditophorans - light-sensitive eye spots - hermaphrodites - complex nervous sytem

Question 33

nervous system of cnidarians

Answer 33

nerve net

Question 34

two species of parasitic flatworms

Answer 34

flukes and tapeworms

Question 35

tapeworms

Answer 35

- absorb nutrients from host's intestines - lack digestive system

Question 36

scolex

Answer 36

contains suckers and hooks for attatchment

Question 37

proglottids

Answer 37

units that contain sex organs

Question 38

rotifers

Answer 38

- fresh, oceanwtr, damp soil - specialized organ systems - multicellular - have digestive tube with seperate mouth in fluid-filled psuedocoelom

Question 39

parthenogenesis

Answer 39

females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs

Question 40

acanthocephalans

Answer 40

vertebrate parasites

Question 41

two phylum of lophophorates

Answer 41

ectoprocta and brachiopoda

Question 42

ectoprocts

Answer 42

sessile colonial animals that superficially resemble plants

Question 43

brachipods

Answer 43

resemble clams

Question 44

what does phylum mollusca include?

Answer 44

snails. slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses, squids, cuttlefish, and nautilus

Question 45

three main parts of mollusc body plan

Answer 45

- muscular foot - visceral mass - mantle

Question 46

chitons

Answer 46

encased in armor of eight dorsal plates

Question 47

about 3/4 of molluscs are...?

Answer 47

gastropods

Question 48

torsion

Answer 48

most distinctive characteristic of gastropods

Question 49

bivalves

Answer 49

- clams, oysters, mussels - shell divided in two

Question 50

cephlapods

Answer 50

- squid, octopus - carnivores with beak jaws surrounded by tentacles

Question 51

true or false, octopi can dream?

Answer 51

true; maybe

Question 52

ammonites

Answer 52

- shelled cephlapods that went extinct during ammonites

Question 53

animal group with the largest number of recent extinctions?

Answer 53

molluscs

Question 54

parapodia

Answer 54

work as gills and aid in locomotion

Question 55

when an arthropod grows...?

Answer 55

it molts its exoskeleton

Question 56

what are "water bears?"

Answer 56

tardigrades

Question 57

nematodes

Answer 57

roundworms

Question 58

2 of every 3 known species are...?

Answer 58

arthropods

Question 59

arthropod body plan

Answer 59

segment body, hard exoskeleton, jointed appendages

Question 60

isopods

Answer 60

- include terrestrial, freshwater, and marine species - pillbugs

Question 61

decapods

Answer 61

lobsters, crab, shrimp

Question 62

deuterostomeare defined primarily by...?

Answer 62

DNA similarities