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Bio M02B > Introduction to Invertebrates > Flashcards

Introduction to Invertebrates Flashcards

Chapter 33

1
Q

invertebrates

A

animals lacking a backbone

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2
Q

what percent of animals are invertebrates?

A

95%

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3
Q

what are sponges?

A

basal animals lacking true tissue

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4
Q

phylum porifera

A

informally known as sponges

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5
Q

describe living conditions of sponges

A
  • sedentary and live in marine and freshwater
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6
Q

how do sponges feed?

A

suspension feeder: capturing food particles suspended in water

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7
Q

spongecoel

A

cavity that water is drawn through

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8
Q

osculum

A

water goes out through this opening

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9
Q

Choanocytes

A

flagellated collar cells that generate current through sponge and ingest suspended food

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10
Q

mesohyl

A

gelatinous noncellular layer between two cell layers

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11
Q

amoebocytes

A

found in mesohyl and play roles in digestion and structureh

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12
Q

hermaphrodites

A

each individual functions as both male and female

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13
Q

cnidarians are an ancient phylum of…?

A

eumetazoans

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14
Q

body plan of a cnidarian?

A

sac with digestive compartment (gastrovascular cavity)

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15
Q

what has a single opening functioning as a mouth and an anus?

A

cnidarian

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16
Q

polyp

A

adheres to the substrate by the aboral end of its body

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17
Q

medusa

A

bell-shaped body with mouth on the underside

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18
Q

cnidarians eat what?

A

carnivores; meat

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19
Q

cnidocytes

A

along tentacles

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20
Q

nematocysts

A

specialized organelles within cnidocytes that eject a stinging thread

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21
Q

how do most hydrozoans exist?

A

alternating between polyp and medusa forms

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22
Q

primary life form in phylum scyphoza

A

jellies

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23
Q

what are cubozoans?

A

box jellies (sea wasp) with complex eyes
–> highly toxic cnidocytes

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24
Q

what makes up class anthozoa

A

corals, sea anemones
- form symbiosis with algae

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25
Q

what are bilaterians?

A
  • bilateral symmetry and triploblastic development
  • most have coelom and a digestive tract with 2 openings
26
Q

the clade bilateria contains what three sections?

A
  • lophotrochozoa
  • ecdysozoa
  • deuterostomia
27
Q

lophotrochozoans

A

widest range of animal body forms

28
Q

lophotrochozoa includes what animals?

A

flatworms, rotifers, ectoprocts, brachiopods, molluscs, and annelids

29
Q

flatworms

A
  • members of phylum Platyhelminthes
  • live in marine, freshwater, damp terrestrial
  • acoelomates
  • flattened dorsoventrally
  • gastrovascular cavity w/ 1 opening
30
Q

protonephridia

A

regulate osmotic balance in flatworms

31
Q

flatworms lineages

A
  • turbellarians: planarians, etc.
  • trematodes: blood and liver flukes
  • cestodes: tapeworms
32
Q

planarians

A
  • best-known rhabditophorans
  • light-sensitive eye spots
  • hermaphrodites
  • complex nervous sytem
33
Q

nervous system of cnidarians

A

nerve net

34
Q

two species of parasitic flatworms

A

flukes and tapeworms

35
Q

tapeworms

A
  • absorb nutrients from host’s intestines
  • lack digestive system
36
Q

scolex

A

contains suckers and hooks for attatchment

37
Q

proglottids

A

units that contain sex organs

38
Q

rotifers

A
  • fresh, oceanwtr, damp soil
  • specialized organ systems
  • multicellular
  • have digestive tube with seperate mouth in fluid-filled psuedocoelom
39
Q

parthenogenesis

A

females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs

40
Q

acanthocephalans

A

vertebrate parasites

41
Q

two phylum of lophophorates

A

ectoprocta and brachiopoda

42
Q

ectoprocts

A

sessile colonial animals that superficially resemble plants

43
Q

brachipods

A

resemble clams

44
Q

what does phylum mollusca include?

A

snails. slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses, squids, cuttlefish, and nautilus

45
Q

three main parts of mollusc body plan

A
  • muscular foot
  • visceral mass
  • mantle
46
Q

chitons

A

encased in armor of eight dorsal plates

47
Q

about 3/4 of molluscs are…?

A

gastropods

48
Q

torsion

A

most distinctive characteristic of gastropods

49
Q

bivalves

A
  • clams, oysters, mussels
  • shell divided in two
50
Q

cephlapods

A
  • squid, octopus
  • carnivores with beak jaws surrounded by tentacles
51
Q

true or false, octopi can dream?

A

true; maybe

52
Q

ammonites

A
  • shelled cephlapods that went extinct during ammonites
53
Q

animal group with the largest
number of recent extinctions?

A

molluscs

54
Q

parapodia

A

work as gills and aid in locomotion

55
Q

when an arthropod grows…?

A

it molts its exoskeleton

56
Q

what are “water bears?”

A

tardigrades

57
Q

nematodes

A

roundworms

58
Q

2 of every 3 known species are…?

A

arthropods

59
Q

arthropod body plan

A

segment body, hard exoskeleton, jointed appendages

60
Q

isopods

A
  • include terrestrial, freshwater, and marine species
  • pillbugs
61
Q

decapods

A

lobsters, crab, shrimp

62
Q

deuterostomeare defined primarily by…?

A

DNA similarities

Bio M02B (22 decks)

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