Plant Diversity Pt.2

Question 1

when did seed plants originate

Answer 1

360 million years ago

Question 2

seed

Answer 2

embryo and nutrients surrounded by protective coat

Question 3

when were plants domesticated?

Answer 3

8,000 years ago

Question 4

what factors are common to seed plants

Answer 4

1. reduced gametophytes
2. heterospory
3. ovules
4. pollen

Question 5

the ancestors of seed plants were likely ____sporous

Answer 5

homosporous, while seed plants are heterosporous

Question 6

megasporangia

Answer 6

give rise to female gametophytes

Question 7

microsporangia

Answer 7

give rise to male gametophytes

Question 8

what does an ovule consist of?

Answer 8

megasporangium, megaspore, 1+ protective integuments

Question 9

how many integuments do gymnosperm megaspores have?

Answer 9

one

Question 10

how many integuments do angiosperm megaspores have?

Answer 10

two

Question 11

what evol. advantages to seeds provide over spores?

Answer 11

• remain dormant until favorable conditions
• supply stored food
• transported long distances

Question 12

progymnosperms

Answer 12

late Denovian plants that began to acquire adaptations that characterized seed plants

Question 13

when did angiosperms begin to replace gymnosperms

Answer 13

near Mesozoic

Question 14

angiosperms today…?

Answer 14

dominate terrestrial ecosystems

Question 15

conifers

Answer 15

cone-bearing gymnosperms that dominate in northern latitudes

Question 16

four phyla of gymnosperms

Answer 16

1. cycadophyta
2. ginkgophyta
3. gnetophyta
4. coniferophyta

Question 17

cycadophyta

Answer 17

large cones, palm leaves
–> thirved during Mesozoic but few today

Question 18

gingkophyta

Answer 18

one living species: Gingko biloba
—> high tolerance to air pollution/population ornamental tree

Question 19

gnetophyta

Answer 19

three genera
- vary in appearance deserts to tropics

Question 20

coniferophyta

Answer 20

largest of gymnosperm phyla
- most evergreen and photosynthesis year-round

Question 21

oldest living organism

Answer 21

bristlecone pine

Question 22

three features of gymnosperm life cycle

Answer 22

1. dom. sporophyte gen
2. dev. of seeds from fertilized ovules
3. transfer of sperm to ovules by pollen

Question 23

small pine cones

Answer 23

produce pollen grains w/ male gametophyte

Question 24

large pine cone

Answer 24

contain ovule that produce megaspores (female gam.)

Question 25

how long from pine cone production to maturation?

Answer 25

three years

Question 26

most widespread and diverse plants

Answer 26

angiosperms

Question 27

phylum of angiosperms

Answer 27

anthophyta

Question 28

two adaptations of angiosperms

Answer 28

- flowers - fruits

Question 29

four leaves of flowers

Answer 29

- sepals - petals - stamens - carpels

Question 30

sepals

Answer 30

enclose flower

Question 31

petals

Answer 31

brightly colored attract pollinators

Question 32

stamens

Answer 32

produce pollen

Question 33

carpels

Answer 33

produce ovules

Question 34

anther

Answer 34

sac where pollen is produced

Question 35

stigma

Answer 35

where pollen is recieved

Question 36

fruits

Answer 36

consist of mature ovary, protect seeds and can be dry if mature