Form and Function Flashcards
Chapter 40
anatomy
study of biological form of an organism
physiology
study of biological functions an organism performs
as animals get larger what happens to their skeletons/bodies?
they grow larger to accommodate the mass
what traits are one dimensional?
linear
what are examples of scaling factors that follow isometric predictions?
biting frog and chomping finches
how forcefully can a biting frog bite?
~35 newtons, ~25% weaker than snapping adult turtle (for their size)
true or false: Darwin finches bite harder than T. Rex?
true
evolutionary convergence
different species adapt to similar environmental challenges
what’s proportional to a cell’s SA?
rate of exchange of waste products, gas, and nutrients
what’s proportional to a cell’s volume?
amount of exchange material
describe multicellular organisms with sac-like body plans?
body walls that are only two cells thick,
facilitating diffusion of materials
true or false: single-celled protist living in water has sufficient surface are of plasma membrane to service its entire volume of cytoplasm
true
in flat animals the distance between the cells and the environment…?
is minimized, also in most flat animals
what organisms have highly folded internal surfaces for exchanging materials?
more complex organisms
hierarchal organization of body plan?
tissues–>organs–>organ systems
four categories of tissues?
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
coordination and control rely on what systems?
endocrine and nervous
endocrine system
transmits hormones to receptive cells in body
homeostasis
main a steady state internationally regardless of external environment
negative feedback
return to normal range
positive feedback
amplifies stimulus
when do the set pts of homeostasis change?
with age
in plants and animals, what governs physiological changes that every 24 hours?
circadian rhythms
thermoregulation
process maintaining internal temperature
