Fungi/Worms/Protozoa/Nematodes Flashcards by Tom Pisano

Histoplasmosis

“histo hides in mississippi macrophages and bat ridden caves while trying to be TB”

ohio river valley. Bird and bat droppings. CAVES

Mimic TB in that there can be calcified opacies on CXR

SYSTEMIC IN AIDS

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Blastomyces

Blasto buds broadly. (same size as RBC)

East of Mississipi River and north east.

Systemic infection (immuno comp) or acute/chrnoic pulm (in healthy) can have granulomas

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Coccidioidomycosis

“lots of C’s/O’s in name tells you lots of endospores in spherule” in lungs

Southwestern US: increased after earthquakes

Pneumonia and meningitis

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Paracoccidioidomycosis

Parapelgics need WHEELchairs (captain’s wheel histology)

“Paracoccidio parasials with captiain’s wheel all the way to latin america

Latin america

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Candida Albicans

Oppurtunistic infection. Dimoprhic yeast: PSEUDOHYPAHEA AND BUDDING YEASTS at 20C and GERM TUBES AT 37C***** “CAN OF germ TUBES”

Superficial Candida: occurs with decreased TH1 cells (AIDS)

Systemic Candida: occurs with decreased/dysfunctional neutrophils.

Vulvovaginitis, rash, endocarditis (IV drug users).

Tx: Topical azole for vaginal; Fluconazole/Caspofungin for oral/esophageal.

Fluconazole, amphoteriicin B, or caspofungin for systemic.

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Aspergillus

A-cute A-ngles for A-flatoxin A-spergillus ABPA

NEUTROPENIC PNTS (immunosupressed/comprimised)

Aflatoxins=Hepatocellular Carcinoma “Haspergilius”

ABPA: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillus (asthma and Cystic Fibrosis)–bronchectasis and eosinophilia*****

Lung cavitations after Tb

Asperigilloma: fungal ball in lungs

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Cryptococcus Neoformans

BUDDING YEAST (NOT DIMORPHIC); “Cryptic in its capsule” “Cryp-toe with AIDS is Shit-toe”

hematogenous dissmentation via inhalation of pigeon droppings.

Sabouraud agar, india ink, mucicarmine.

Latex aggultination test=polysaccharide capsule.

Soap bubble lesion in brain

Pigeon Droppings

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Mucor and Rhizopus

Mucormycosis: DKA and leukemic patients.

Proliferate in blood vessle walls (when excess Ketones and glucose).

Penetrate cribiform plate causing frontla lobe abscesses.

Black necrotic eschar on face.

Irregular BROAD (asperigilus is thin) nonspetate **hyphae branching at WIDE (right) angles. **DD w/ Aspergillus=acute angles

Tx: amphotericin B

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Pneumocystis Jirovecii

Spherical Bodies with sharply outlined walls.

PCP–diffuse interstial pneumonia (diffuse bilateral CXR).

Methenamine Silver sain of lung tissue.

CAUSES OVERRPELICATION OF TYPE II PNEUMOS CAUSING SURFACTANT RICH EXUDAE WITH SILVER STAINING CYSTS

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Sporothrix Schenckii

Sporotrichosis. Rose Gardneners Disease (“richard schenck as a gardner”) Draining lymphatics (ascneding lymphangitis).

Cigar shaped budding

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Gallbladder/Biliary Tract disease and cholangiocarcinoma

Tx?

Clonorchis Sinenesis.

Undercooked fish = liver fluke

Praziquantel

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Brain cysts and seizures (neurocysticercosis)

Tx?

Taenia Solium

Praziquantel

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Hematuria, bladder cancer

Tx?

Schistosoma haematobium

Praziquantel

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Liver (hydatid) cysts

Tx?

Echinoccus granulosus

Praziquantel

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Microcytic Anemia

Tx?

Ancylostoma, Necator

Bendazole

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Perianal Pruritus

Tx?

Enterobius

Bendazole

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Portal HTN

Tx?

Schistosoma (spp: mansoni, japonicum)

Praziquantel

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V B12 Def

Tx?

Study These Flashcards

Diphyllobothrium Latum

Priziquantel

What does this bug cause?

Clonorchis Sinenesis.

Tx?

Study These Flashcards

Pigmented gallstones (Gallbladder/Biliary Tract disease) and cholangiocarcinoma

Undercooked fish = liver fluke

Praziquantel

What does this bug cause?

Taenia Solium

Tx?

Study These Flashcards

Brain cysts and seizures (neurocysticercosis)

HUGE worms. Undercooked pork/ingestion of eggs

Praziquantel

What does this bug cause?

Schistosoma haematobium

Tx?

Study These Flashcards

Hematuria, squamous cell carcinoma of bladder (egyptian immigrant).

Snail, swimmers

Praziquantel

What does this bug cause?

Echinoccus granulosus

Study These Flashcards

Liver (hydatid) cysts; “dog tapeworm”

can leak fluid resulting in an anaphylactic response

Ascaris Lumbricoides

Study These Flashcards

Giant roundworm. Fecal Oral. Intestinal infections ot the point of obstruction from size of worm.

Leoffler’s Eosinophilic Pnemonitis*** (larve break thru into lungs)

What does this bug cause?

Ancylostoma, Necator

Tx?

Study These Flashcards

Microcytic Anemia (hookworms—hook into instetines to suck blood)

Walking barefoot from Larvae in soil

Bendazoles

# What does this bug cause? Enterobius

Perianal Pruritus; Pinworm (3ps)

# What does this bug cause? Schistosoma (spp: mansoni, japonicum)

Portal HTN

# What does this bug cause? Diphyllobothrium Latum

V B12 Def

Giardia Lamblia

Bloating flatulence, foul smelling, fatty diarrhea. Adheres to intestinal mucosa causing fat malabsoprtion. Increased incidence with IgA def Dx with trophyozoites in cyst/stool

Entamoeba histolytica

Bloody diarrhea, liver abscess, RUQ pain 'anchovy paste' exudate; flask shaped ulcer, chromatin spokes Invades into submucosa (like shigella)

Cryptosporidium Parvum

**_Diarrhea in AIDS_** INTRACELLULAR ("crypto" hides in cells). NB: crytpococcus=fungi; cryptosporidium=protozoa

Toxoplasma Gondii TX???

**_Ring enhancing lesion in HIV_** **_Cysts in meat/oocysts in cat feces (P-lasma in P-ork)_** "Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications" PYRIMETHAMINE AND SULFAZINE\*\*\*

Naegleria Fowleri

Rapidly fatal meningoencephaltis Fresh water lakes--\>up nose--\>cribiform plate--\>meninges Nalgene=naegleria Amoebas in spianl fluid NB: NEGRI BODIES=RABBIES

Trypanosoma Brucei

African sleeping sickness: ENlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (from antigen variaiton) "TSETSE FLY" (painful bite) **_T**_setse fly for _**T_**rypanosoma "Bruce the Tsetse fly likes to sleep"

Babesia

Fever+Hemolytic Anemia Ixodes tick (co-infection can be wtih lymes, rickettsia, francisella) Atovaquone + Azithromycin

Trapanosoma Cruzi

``` Chagas Disease (Megacolon, "mega"heart, megaesophagus") ``` Achalasia via destorying myenteric plexus=dyshpagia Reduviid bug ("kissing bug")

Leishmania Donovani

Visceral Leishmaniasis: Spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly (extramedullary hematopoeisis?), pancytopenia Sandfly (painful bite); macros containing amstigotes

Trichenella Spiralis

Undercooked pork. Myositis and Periortibal edema.

What targets Fungal Cell Wall?

Caspofungin (cell wall is outside of cell membrane (Amphotericin B))

Strongyloides Stercoralis

Larvea in soil penetrate skin. epigastric pain, vomitting nausea, diarrhea

Treatment for Nematodes (Roundworms)? For Cestodes (Tapeworms)? Mechanism? For Trematodes (Flukes)? Mechanism?

Bendazoles cuz roundworms are bendy Praziquantel (increasing permiability of membrane to Ca2+) Praziquantel

Oral infection of nematodes? Skin infection of nematodes?

You'll get sick if you EAT these (Enterobius, aschoris, trichonella) These get in thru the SANd (strongoloidies, anchylstoma, necator)

Terbafine MOA?

Inhibits Squalene epoxidase

Yeast organisms at body temperature?

Histo, Blasto, and Cocciodes (they are molds (hyphae) in cold temps)

Fungi/Worms/Protozoa/Nematodes Flashcards

(43 cards)