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Immunology Flashcards

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1
Q

IL 4

A

Mediates class switching to IgE; “Four makes ya a whore–switching classiness” Secreted by Th2 cells

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2
Q

IL 5

A

Promotes Eosinophil Migration; FivE=Eosinophils

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3
Q

IL-6

A

Secreted by T-cells and Macros. Proinflam cytokine

Osteoblasts secrete to activate clasts.

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4
Q

IL 10

A

Stimulates Th2 cells, and Inhibits Th1 cells; “Ten to fight the bacteriem”

also tones down immune system along with Il17

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5
Q

IL-7

A

HSC, B, T and NK cell maturation factor (and general lymphoid cell survival)

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6
Q

IL-8

A

Recruits neutrophils

“clean up on ilse 8”

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7
Q

TH2 cells secrete

A

IL 4, 5, 10 (particuallary in allergic reactions)

4=IgE class switching

5=Eosinohpils

10=inhibiting Th1 and promoting Th2s

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8
Q

Why do you see hypercalcemia in granulomas (and what type of granulomas?)?

A

Expression of 1 alpha hydroxylase in noncaseating granulomas leading to Vitamin D activation

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9
Q

Prosthetic Heart Valves

A

Coagulase Negative Staph (tends to be Left heart Valves) HACEK bacteria: H aemophilus aphrophilus A ctinobaccilus actinoymycetemocomitans C ardiobacterium hominis, E ikenlla corrodens K ingella kingae

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10
Q

IVDA (intravenous drug users

A

Staph Aureus (virulent) TENDS TO BE RIGHT SIDE OF HEART, which can cause other pulm issues

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11
Q

Susceptible Organsims upon splenectomy

A

Encapsulated organisms: “S SHIN”: Salmonella, S. pneumoniae, H. Influenzae, N. meningitidis Post Splenectomy: Howell-Jolly Bodies, Target Cells, Thrombocytosis

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12
Q

HLA Subtype associations: A3 B27 B8 DR2 DR3 DR4 DR5 DR7

A

A3: Hemochomatosis

B27: Psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, Reiter’s syndroeme (“PAIR”)

B8: Grave’s Disease “Gr8ves”

DR2: MS, Hay fever, SLE, Goodpasture’s

DR3: DM type 1 (“DR3 + DM1 = DR4”)

DR4: DM type 1, Rheumatoid arhtirtis

DR5: Pernicious anemia (B12 def), Hashtimoto’s thyroiditis (“Thy ~5”)

DR7: Steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome (Minimal change disease)

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13
Q

Infections that affect fetus

A

TORCH: Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphillis, TB), Rubella (german measles), CMV, Herpes/HIV

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14
Q

Cryptococcus Neoformans

A

Meningitis in HIV/Immunocomp. Monomorphic fungus–Encapsulated yeast buds always

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15
Q

Blastomyces Dermatitidis

A

Broad-based budding yeasts (clinical non enviro form). Skin and bone lesions most common

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16
Q

Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis

A

Budding yeast in pilot’s wheel (clinical) Central and south america. Presents as primary pulmonary disease

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17
Q

Histoplasma Capsulatum

A

Intracellular yeast within macrophages NOT encapsulated. Primary pulm infection Bird Droppings

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18
Q

Aspergillus

A

Oppurtunistic infections Septate Hypahae with 45 degree angles Mengitis (cyrpto more common)

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19
Q

Coccidioides immitis

A

Fungal meningitis in immuno comp. Sonoran desert zone of US (san joaquiin valley fever)

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20
Q

Metronidazole

A

“GET GAP on the Metro” Giardia, Entameoba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerobes, h. Pylori

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21
Q

Drugs that inhibit P450 Enzymes

A

PICK EGS Protease inhibitors, Isonazid, Cimetidine, Ketoconazole, Erythromycin, Grapefruit Juice, Sulfanomides

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22
Q

Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease

A

Get Staph Aureus.

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23
Q

Encephalitis (6)

A

HSV1, HSV2, Rabies Virus, Arboviruses, T. Gondii, T. Brucei

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24
Q

Neonatal Meningitis (3)

A

S. Agalactiae, L. monocytogenes, E. coli

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25
Meningitis 6 months to 6 yrs (3)
S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. Influenzae type B
26
Meningitis 6yrs to 60years (3)
N meningitidis, poliovirus, S. pneumoniae
27
Aseptic Menigidits(4)
Coxsackie Virus, Echovirus, Mumps Virus, Poliovirus
28
Fungal menigitidis
C. neoformans
29
Rheumatic Heart Disease
S. pyogenes
30
Myocarditis
Coxsackie type B, T. Cruzi, S. Aueus + E. faecalis (from endocarditis), C. Diphtheriae, B. Burgodrferi
31
Endocarditis: Native valve
Strep Viridans, S. Bovis, Strep Pyogenes (usually better known to cause the rheumatic fever that causes Type III hypersenstivity of heart damage)
32
Endocarditis: IV Drug Users
Staph Aureus, Strepococci, E. Faecalis, P. Aeruginosa. Candida Albicans\*\*\*
33
Prosthetic Valve
S. Epi, S Aureus, Gram Negs, C. Albicans Subacturely: Streptococci
34
Protein A
Finds the Fc portion of IgG prevent Opsinization (eg Staph Aureus)
35
HIV
CD4+ Counts 800+ Healthy 600-800: Assymptomatic 400-600: Generalized Lymphadenopathy 200-400 Generalized Lympadenopathy and Thrush Antibodies to the envelope continue to rise due to antigenic variaiton that need primary (nonCD4+) response. p24 antibodies (capsid) decline.
36
Asplenic Pateints are at risk for Why? What else can they do?
SHiNS SKI bacteria (S. pneumo, HiB, N. meningitidis, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Group B Strep). Capuslated Transformation--can take up DNA from environmnet
37
Drugs for Aids, Influenza, and Herpes
- avirs=for AIDs (A, A) - ivirs for influenza (I, I) - ovirs for herpes (O for ouch it hurts)
38
Common atpical pneumonias:
MLCV, My lungs can't "vreethe". Mycoplasma legionalla, chlamydia, viruses
39
Urease Positive Organisms
PUNCH Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Cryptococcus, Helicobacter pylori
40
Catalase Postive organisms (what condition leaves person susceptible to these bugs? How do you test for this condition?)
PLACESS (pseudomonas, listeria, aspergillus, candida, E. coli, S. aureus, Serratia) NADPH deficiency. Nitroblue tetrazolium test will be negative (non blue) [it will be positvie/blue in MPO def). MPO def is increased risk to candida infections.
41
What does Psuedomonas Cause?
PSEUDO: Pneumonia (cf ppl), Sepesis, External otitis (swimmer's ear=think water), UTI, Drug use and Diabetic Osteomyeltitis. And hot tub folliculitis of course. Ecthyma gangrenosum-necrotic cutanesoul lesions rapidly progressing; in immunocomp ppl Tx: aminoglycoside with extended spectrum penicllin (**P-iperacillin for P-suedo**)
42
Transplant Rejection Stages
1) Hyperacute: preformed IgG causing T2HSR 2) Acute: Cell mediated T4HSR (and you have T2HSR with new antibody devo) 3) Chronic: Host T cells can interact with graft MHC 1's however the grafts antigens that are presented on MHC 1's are seen as foreign causing RXN 4) Graft vs Host disease: graft's T-cells fight against immunocomprimised host
43
What cells participate in ADCC, what do they need? Macrophages Positive for what CD's what do they do?
Macrophages (C14/40+)/NK cells **_CD16 which binds to the Fc portion of Igs_** **_CD14 (TLR) used to bind Endotoxin_**
44
Severe Recurrent Pyogenic Infections?
C3 def particularly of upper resp tract: Strep Pneumo and H Flu
45
Type of HSR: Polyarteritis Nodosa? Ecyzema? Serum Sickness? Arthrus Reaction?
3 1 3 3
46
X linked Immuno def?
"WBC" Wiskott, Brutons (can be), Chronic Granulomatous (can be)
47
Kid with poor smooth pursuit, small malformed blood vessels on skin, and recurrent sicknesses
ATM Three A's A-taxia, Angiomas (teliectasias), IgA def
48
Lepramatous leprosy demonstrate weak what? Tuberculoid Leprosy?
Weak cell mediated response thus decreased Th1, thus defective macros. Better cell mediated thus higher Th1 CD8+
49
Interstitial Pneumonia in a lung transplant patient?
CMV\*\*\*, will likely see intranuclear inclusions and GIANT cells (cytoMEGAlovirus)
50
Interferon for granuloma formation? For maintenance?
IFN Gamma for formation TNF alpha for maintenance
51
B cell vs T cell immunodef presentations?
B-cell: Otits media (Strep pneumo, moraxella, H flu) T-cell: mucocandidiasis infections and pneumocystis infections
52
2 factors that drive angiogenesis?
VEGF and FGF\*\*\*
53
Blood characteristic seen commonly in chronic ETOH?
Macrocytosis Occurs either from poor nutrition (B12/Folate) or by ETOH acting as direct toxin on marrow
54
Predisposing factor for hematogenous spread of candida albicans? Superficial spread?
Low Neutrophils Low CD4+ cells
55
Live attenuated vaccines better at?
Generating a prolonged immune reponse, thus have more IgG's and mucosal IgA's (A's if the organism has a mucosal invasion component)
56
3\*\*\* things that are released from degranulating mast cells?
Histamine Leukotrienes TRYPTASE (specific to mast cells)
57
Fibrinoid Necrosis?
Fibrionid~Fibrin like telling you some immune component is present Usually the result of type III complexes being deposited in endothelial wall (eg Polyarteritis Nodosa, Henoch Schonlein Purpura; can also be seen in malignant HTN/Preeclampsia)
58
Pertussis vaccine is what type? H Flu is what type?
Acellular. Think DTaP as "acellular pertussis" Hflu conjugated to diptheria toxin
59
Protein A vs IgA protease?
Protein A binds Fc Recptor preventing ospinization IgA Protease allows for mucosal survival/penetration
60
UTIs What does a leukocyte esterase test tell you? Nitrite Test? DD for Urease test?
L Esterase tells you its bacterial in origin Nitrite tells you its a Gram Neg\*\*\*\*\* Urease + prolly Proteus/Kleb Urease - prolly E. coli or enteroccocus

Tom (30 decks)

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