Gas exchange in animals

Question 1

What do goblet cells do?

Answer 1

Secrete mucus to catch dust and microorganisms

Question 2

What does Cilia do?

Answer 2

Move mucus away from lungs

Question 3

What are the 3 steps of INspiration?

Answer 3

-Diaphragm contracts
-EXTERNAL intercoastal muscles contract
-Thorax vol ↑ and pressure↓ so air flows in

Question 4

What are the 3 steps of EXpiration?

Answer 4

-Diaphragm relaxes
-Internal intercoastal muscles contract
- Thorax vol ↓ and pressure ↑ forcing air out

Question 5

Where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 5

Alveoli

Question 6

How are the lungs/Alveoli adapted for gas exchange? (5)

Answer 6

-Large SA
-Short 1 cell thick diffusion path
-Moist to dissolve gasses
-Good ventilation
-Rich blood supply

Question 7

How do bony fish breathe?
(4)

Answer 7

1)Operculum opens + Buccal cavity lowers
2)Water flows in
3)Operculum closes + Buccal cavity raises
4)H₂Oforced over the gills (counter current flow gas exchange)

Question 8

How do Bony Fish maintain Steep O₂ and CO₂ gradients?

Answer 8

The counter current flow of water and blood across the lamellae. O₂ from H₂O diffuses into the blood and CO₂ in the blood diffuses into the water because of conc diffs

Question 9

How does gas exchange happen in insects?
(6/7)

Answer 9

Air → Spiracles on insect body → Trachea → Tracheoles → O₂ is dissolved in tracheal fluid→ absorbed by muscle tissue

Question 10

What adaptations do insects have against water loss as they have low SA:V?

Answer 10

-Water proof outer layer
- Can close spiracles