Specialised cells/Stem cells Flashcards
(13 cards)
What are cells adapted to a specialised function known as?
Differentiated
How are erythrocytes adapted for O₂? (3)
-Biconcave shape =↑SA:V
-Flexible = to fit through capillaries
-No nuclei= more space for haemoglobin
How are neutrophils specialised for immune response? (2)
-Multilobed nucleus to squeeze gaps
-Lysosomes containing enzymes
How are sperm cells adapted for their function? (3)
-Flagellum= swim
-Mitochondria= energy to swim
-Acrosomes = to penetrate into egg
What are the 2 types of epithelial cell?
Squamous - flat for short diffusion path
Ciliated - Moves mucus and egg
What are the 3 adaptions that a root cell has for water/ion absorption?
-Thin cellulose wall=short diffusion path
-Root hair =↑SA
-Vacuole containing cell sap = maintain conc gradient with soil and cell
What adaptations do palisade cells have for photosynthesis?
-Thin cell wall=↑ rate of diffusion
-Lots of chloroplast = ↑absorb light
-Large vacuole = keeps cell turgid and facing the light
What is the definition for tissue?
A collection of cells working as unit for a function
What is the definition for organ?
A collection of tissue working as a unit for a function
What are stem cells?
Undifferentiated cells
What is Totipotency, Pluripotency and Multipotency?
Totipotent = Can differentiate into any cell - found in embryo
Pluripotency = Can differentiate into most cells
Multipotency = Can differentiate into a limited number of cells - found in bone marrow
Where are the 3 places meristem cells can be found in plants?
Roots
Shoots
In-between xylem and phloem
What are the issues with stem cell treatment?
If taking form embryo killing a life
If taking from bone marrow painful
Risk of rejection
Development of tumour
