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part 1 boards (US) > Gastro intestinal anatomy (chiro essentials pg31-36) > Flashcards

Gastro intestinal anatomy (chiro essentials pg31-36) Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Gastro-intestinal tract embryological derivative

A

Endoderm

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2
Q

What are the three parts of the Embrylogical endoderm that give rise to the gastro-intestinal tract

A

Foregut
Midgut
hindgut

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3
Q

What does the foregut give rise to

A

Esophagus
Stomach
Proximal duodenum

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4
Q

What does the Midgut give rise to

A

Distal Duodenum
Small intestine
Proximal large intestine up to 2/3 transverse colon

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5
Q

what does the hindgut give rise to

A

Colon

Proximal half of anal canal

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6
Q

What sex is most likely to experience a Meckel’s diverticulum

A

Males

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7
Q

What layer of the parietal peritoneum is innervated by T7

A

Xiphoid

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8
Q

What layer of the parietal peritoneum is innervated by T10

A

Umbilical level

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9
Q

What layer of the parietal peritoneum is innervated by L1

A

Inguinal region

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10
Q

What are the layers of the anterior abdominal wall

A 
Skin
Subcutaneous tissue
Muscles
Transveralis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum
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11
Q

What layer of subcutaneous tissue of the anterior abdominal wall is coninuous with Colles fascia in the scrotum

A

Membranous layer (Scarpa)

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12
Q

What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line

A

external oblique aponeurosis

Internal oblique aponeurosis

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13
Q

Wha forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line

A

Internal oblique aponeurosis

Transversalis fascia

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14
Q

What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line

A

External oblique aponeurosis
internal oblique aponeurosis
Transveralis fascia

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15
Q

What forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath belwo the arcute line

A

Transveralis fascia

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16
Q

Where is the arcuate line located

A

behind the rectus abdominus

Between umbilicus and symphysis

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17
Q

What are the two parts of the peritoneum

A

Parietal

Visceral

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18
Q

Which layer of the peritoneum is sensitive to pain

A

Parietal peritoneum

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19
Q

What are the retroperitoneal structures

A 
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Pancreas
Adrenals
Rectum
Kidneys
Aorta
IVC
Duodenum

(AC DC PARK AID)

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20
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the stomach

A

Columnar epithelium

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21
Q

How many muscular layers are there in the stomach

A

3
outter - longitudinal
middle - circular
inner - oblique

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22
Q

What are the two main secretory cells in the stomach and what do they secrete

A

Chief cells - Pepsinogen

Parietal cells - HCL, intrinsic factor

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23
Q

What arteries give blood to the stomach

A

Left Gastric (celiac trunk)
Right Gastric (Common hepatic)
Left Gastro-omental (Splenic artery)
Right Gastro-omental (Gastro-duodinal)

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24
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum in order

A

Superior
Descending
Horizontal
Ascending

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25
What part of the duodenum does the common bile duct open into
The second
26
What ligament holds the ascending part of the duodenum in place
Suspensory ligament (treiz) ***it is attached to the diaphragm***
27
What part of the duodenum is intraperitoneal
First inch of the superior portion
28
What makes up the Biliary tree
Right and left hepatic ducts Cystic duct Cystic artery
29
What forms the common hepatic duct
Right and left hepatic ducts
30
What forms the common bile duct
Common hepatic duct | Cystic duct
31
what is the triangle that the cystic artery is found
Callot's triangle
32
Where does the gallbladder sit
The fossa between right and left quadrate lobes of the liver
33
What are the parts of the gallbladder
Fundus Body Neck Cystic duct
34
What is the smooth muscle sphincter that guards the opening of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct
Sphincter of oddi
35
what are the 2 parts of the small intestine
Jejunum | Ileum
36
Which part of the small intestine has more fat (mesentery)
Ileum
37
Which part of the small intestine is more vascualr
Jejunum
38
What are the lymphoid aggregates found in the small intestine
Pyers patches
39
What artery supplies the small intestine
Superior Mesenteric artery
40
What special structures are found in the large intestine but not the small intestine
Haustra Teniae coli Appendices epiplocia
41
What are the three parts of the colon
Ascending Transverse Descending
42
What is the most common location for the appendix
Behind cecum
43
What embryological structures derive the colon
Midgut | Hindgut
44
What arteries supply the colon that is derived from the midgut
Superior mesenteric
45
What arery supplies the colon that is derived from the hindgut
Inferior mesenteric
46
Where do te lymphatics of the colon drain into
Pericolic node --> paracolic node -->para-aortic node
47
What part of the recutm does not have any peritoneum covering it
Lower third
48
What give blood to the rectum
Superior rectal branch (inferior mesenteric)
49
Where do the lyphatics of the rectum drain into
Inferior mesenteric nodes
50
When does the rectum turn into the anal canal
When it passes through he pelvic diaphragm
51
What part of the recurm is dilated
The lower part (ampulla)
52
What are the embryological origins of the anal canal
Endoderm | Ectoderm
53
What is the junction between the endoderm and ectoderm derivatives of the anal canal
Pectineal line
54
What are the longitudinal fold above the pectineal line
Columns of Morgagni
55
Where do anal glands open up behind
Vavles of Ball
56
What is the smooth muscle sphincer of the anal canal
Internal circular sphincter
57
What is the skeletal muscle sphincter of the anal canal
External sphincter
58
What nerve supplies the external anal sphincter
Inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve
59
What part of the ana canal is insensitive to pain
Above the pectineal line (hindgut/endoderm)
60
What supplies blood to the anal canal above the pectineal line
inferior mesenteric artery
61
What part of the anal canal is sensitive to pain
Below the pectineal line (ectoderm)
62
What supplies blood to the anal canal below the pectineal line
Inferior rectal branch of the internal pudendal artery
63
Where do the lymphatics of the anal canal below the pectineal line drain into
Superficial inguinal nodes in the groin

part 1 boards (US) (12 decks)

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