Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology Flashcards

Question

What causes inflammation of the appendix?

Answer 1

Inflammatory exudate, fibrin and phagocytes. They cause swelling and ulceration of the mucous membrane of the appendix

Answer 2

Central abdo pain initially After a few hours, would present in localised pain in right iliac fossa Pain that worsens if you cough, walk or make jarring movements Nausea Vomiting Loss of appetite High temp Abdo swelling

Answer 3

It is a large, smooth, concave surface on the internal surface of the ilium which is part of the 3 fused bones making the hip bone). The fossa is bounded above the iliac crest, below the actuate line.

Answer 4

Peritonitis - an inflammation of the peritoneum where the membrane that lines the inner abdominal wall and encloses organs within the abdomen

Answer 5

Bowel obstruction

Answer 6

An acute inflammation of the gall bladder

Answer 7

Gall stones becomes impacted in the cystic duct. Strong peristaltic contractions occur to try to move the stone outwards. The build of bile behind the stone leads to an inflammatory reaction within the gall bladder

Answer 8

Biliary Colic (pain under right side of rib cage) Projectile Vomiting - green bile Fever Jaundice Pain radiating to right shoulder or back Tenderness of abdo Nausea Vomiting Temperature

Answer 9

A steady or intermittent (random) ache in the upper abdomen, usually under the right side of the rib cage. It happens when something blocks the normal flow of bile form the gallbladder

Answer 10

It is an inflammation of the diverticula as a result of impaction of faeces. Small pouches of mucosa (faeces) that herniate into the peritoneal cavity through the muscular fibres of the colon. It occurs at the weakest points of the intestinal wall.

Answer 11

Lack of fibre in the diet

Answer 12

Sigmoid colon

Answer 13

Feeling bloated Constipation Diarrhoea Abdo pain that follows eating and is often eased on emptying bowels or passing wind

Answer 14

Constant severe abdo pain Fever Nausea Vomiting Rectal bleeding Lethargy

Answer 15

Proteolytic enzymes produce by the pancreas becomes activated in the pancreas other then in the intenstine, causing the pancreas to digest itself causing pancreatitis. Severity is dependent upon how much pancreatic tissue is involved and over how long

Answer 16

Gallstones Excessive use of alcohol Pancreatic cancer Viral infections - eg.mumps Kidney and liver transplantation Hypercalcaemia Severe hypothermia Drugs such as corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents

Answer 17

Severe upper abdo pain Fever Signs of hypovolaemic shock - loss of more than 20% of blood or fluid supply to the body which could result to organ failure.

Answer 18

``` Cold Clammy Pale Rapid breathing Rapid heart rate Weakness Decreased or absent urine output Sweating Anxiety Confusion Unconsciousness ```

Answer 19

Inflammation in the mucosa and submucosa in the rectum and colon. This leads to swelling, oedema (swelling due to build up of excessive fluid), bleeding and ulceration. in later stages of the disease, walls thicken and become fibrous.

Answer 20

``` Poor nutrition Stress Bowel infection Genetic factors Autoimmune dysfunction ```

Answer 21

A genetically determined autoimmune reaction to gluten. There is often villous atrophy (finger-like projection surround small intestines that help absorb nutrients is flattened caused by damage done by immune system) in the jejunum leading to malabsorption. Sometimes other autoimmune conditions are present as well.

Answer 22

Abdo pain Lethargy Severe diarrhoea Blood, pus or mucus in diarrhoea Steatorrhea (secretion of abnormal quantities of fat with faeces owing to reduced absorption of fat by the intestine). Weight loss Poor appetite Nausea Vomiting

Answer 23

Where the faeces develops outside of the womb, usually in the Fallopian tubes

Answer 24

Pain in abdomen and/or pelvic areas Tenderness 1 or more missed menstruation Vaginal bleeding Tachycardia Dizziness Syncope (fainting)

Answer 25

Urethritis Cystitis Ureteritis Pyelonephritis

Answer 26

Inflammation of the urethra: the opening of the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Answer 27

Inflammation of the ureter - the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the gallbladder

Answer 28

An inflammation of the urinary bladder or any part of the urinary system

Answer 29

A sudden and severe inflammation of kidney due to bacterial infection

Answer 30

Stones that form due to build up of urinary constituents deposited in layers. Most originate in collecting tubules or renal papillae. ``` These include: Oxalates Phosphates Urates Uric acid ```

Answer 31

Dehydration pH of urine Infection Tumours

Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology Flashcards

(55 cards)