Nervous System Part 1

Question 1

What two systems is involved in internal communication?

Answer 1

Endocrine system and nervous system

Question 2

What is the endocrine system located and what does it do? (4)

Answer 2

It is located in different parts of the body

Secretes hormones (chemical messengers)

Hormones secreted directly into the bloodstream

Hormones target cells and tissues

Slower than nerves

Question 3

What is the nervous in control of? (3)

Answer 3

Communication and controlling system

Coordinates activities and actions of individual body systems

Faster than the endocrine system

Question 4

What do the nervous system and endocrine system have in common?

Answer 4

Both maintain homeostasis

Question 5

What are the three principles of the nervous system?

Answer 5

Receive
Convey
Integrate

Question 6

How does the nervous system receive input?

Answer 6

It revived stimuli from outside and inside of the body

Analyses this info

Coordinates an appropriate response

Question 7

How does the nervous system convey information?

Answer 7

Conveys impulses from the brain

Stimulates or depresses activity in muscles, glands or other tissues

Question 8

How does the nervous system integrate information?

Answer 8

Integrates the many different functions carried out by individual organs, tissues and cells

Question 9

What is the nervous system split into?

Answer 9

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

Question 10

How does the CNS send information to the PNS?

Answer 10

Using efferent neurons (motor)

Question 11

How does the PNS send impulses to CNS?

Answer 11

Using afferent neurons (sensory)

Question 12

What is the brain split into?

Answer 12

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem

Question 13

What is the exocrine system?

Answer 13

Releases enzymes into ducts

Question 14

What are the three meninges of the brain?

Answer 14

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

Question 15

What is in-between the meninges of the brain?

Answer 15

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 16

What is the brain stem split into?

Answer 16

Midbrain
Pons Variolli
Medulla Oblongata

Question 17

What is the autonomic nervous system split into?

Answer 17

Parasympathetic NS

Sympathetic NS

Question 18

What is the sympathetic NS responsible for?

Answer 18

Fight or flight response

Question 19

What is the parasympathetic NS responsible for?

Answer 19

Relaxation

Question 20

What is the Peripheral NS split into?

Answer 20

12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system

Question 21

What is the somatic NS responsible for?

Answer 21

Voluntary actions

Question 22

What is the role of a neurone?

Answer 22

Conduct nerve impulses

Question 23

What is the role of neuroglia?

Answer 23

It is a unique connective tissue that supports neurones

Question 24

What is a dendrite and its role?

Answer 24

An extension of the cell body

Forms white matter of the NS

Question 25

What is the cell body and where is it found?

Answer 25

Found in the periphery of the brain and in the centre if the spinal cord Forms grey matter of the nervous system

Question 26

What forms the grey matter in the NS?

Answer 26

Cell body of the neurones

Question 27

What forms the white matter of the NS?

Answer 27

Dendrites of the neurones

Question 28

What are terminal boutons on a neuron?

Answer 28

They are neurotransmitters at the of a neuron which transfer the electrical impulse from one neuron to the next

Question 29

What is a myelinated neuron and how and what is it formed of?

Answer 29

Formed of peripheral nerves Concentric layers of Schwann cell plasma membrane wrapped around the axon and between the layers is myelin

Question 30

What is the purpose of myelin?

Answer 30

Insulate the axon

Question 31

What is the role of the Nodes of Ranvier?

Answer 31

Assist rapid transmission of nerve impulses Assists in Saltatory conduction where the impulse jumps along the gaps between the myelin allowing faster transmission

Question 32

What happens at the terminal bouton in relation to the electrical impulse?

Answer 32

Changes from electrical to chemical impulse

Question 33

Why does the impulse change from electrical to chemical at the terminal bouton?

Answer 33

Because the nerves do not come into contact and therefore electricity cannot be passed from one neurone to the next

Question 34

What are neurotransmitters made by?

Answer 34

Nerve cells

Question 35

Where are neurotransmitters stored?

Answer 35

At the terminal boutons of a neurone

Question 36

What is the name of the most abundant neurotransmitter in the body?

Answer 36

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Question 37

Where is Ach found?

Answer 37

In the CNS and the PNS

Question 38

What are the two main functions of the Ach neurotransmitter?

Answer 38

Stimulates muscle contractions Memory and cognition

Question 39

What is a nerve?

Answer 39

Numerous neurones that are bundled together

Question 40

What is the role of an afferent nerve?

Answer 40

Sensory Carry information from the body to the spinal cord Can be automatic

Question 41

What is the role of an efferent nerve?

Answer 41

Motor Originates in the brain and spinal cord Transmits impulses to effector organs: muscles and glands

Question 42

What are the four types of neuroglia?

Answer 42

Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Ependymal cells Microgli

Question 43

Where do cranial nerves originate from?

Answer 43

Nuclei within the brain

Question 44

How is the cranial nerves ordered?

Answer 44

Using roman numerals according to the order they connect to the brain, starting anteriorly

Question 45

What is the name of the 10th cranial nerve?

Answer 45

Vagus Nerve

Question 46

How is the spinal nerves named and split?

Answer 46

``` 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal ```