Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is salbutamol?
A selective beta-2-adrenoceptor
What does salbutamol do?
Relaxed smooth muscle in middle and small airways (bronchi and bronchioles)
Moistens airway
How much salbutamol do nebules contain?
2.5mg/2.5ml - half dose
OR
5mg/2.5ml - full dose (has more mg of salbutamol but same volume of liquid)
What are some indications to using salbutamol? (3)
Acute asthma attack where normal inhaler therapy has failed to relieve symptoms
Expiration wheezing associated with allergy, anaphylaxis, smoke inhalation or other lower respiratory cause
Exacerbation of COPD
What are some cautions to be taken when using salbutamol?
Hypertension
Angina
Overactive thyroid
Late pregnancy
Severe hypotension may occur in patients on beta-blockers and half doses should be used unless there is profound hypertension
COPD - 6 minutes on 6 litres
What are some side effects of salbutamol?
Tremor (shaking)
Tachycardia
Palpitations
Headache
Feeling of tension
Peripheral vasodilation
Muscle cramps
Rash
When should ipratropium bromide be used?
In acute severe or life threatening asthma, ipratropium should be given after the first dose of salbutamol.
In acute asthma or COPD unresponsive to salbutamol alone, a single dose of ipratropium may be given after salbutamol
How much salbutamol should be administered to adults?
5mg every 5 minutes with no max dose
What is Ipratropium bromide?
An antimuscarinic bronchodilator drug
What does Ipratropium bromide do?
It may provide short term relief in acute asthma
Considered great in treating children suffering from acute asthma and adults suffering with COPD
What are some indicators for the use of Ipratropium? (3)
Acute severe or life threatening asthma
Acute asthma unresponsive to salbutamol
Exacerbation of COPD unresponsive to salbutamol
How much Ipratropium is in nebules?
250mcg/1ml - half dose
500mcg/2ml - full dose
How much is 500mcg as mg?
0.5mg
What is 500mcg in g?
0.0005
What are some cautions needed for the use Ipratropium?
Glaucoma (damage to nerve in eye) - protect eyes from the mist
Pregnancy and breast feeding
Prostatic hyperplasia - increased growth of prostate gland which is the male sex gland that produces fluid that is part of semen
COPD - 6 minutes at 6 litres
What are some side effects of Ipratropium?
Nausea
Vomiting
Dry mouth
Tachycardia/arrhythmia
Tightness of the chest
Allergic reaction
What is the adult dose of Ipratropium?
500mcg/2ml (NO REPEAT DOSE - max dose is 500mcg)
What is adrenaline 1:1000?
It’s a sympathomimetic that stimulates both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
Reversed allergic manifestations of acute anaphylaxis
Relived bronchospasms in acute severe asthma
What are some indications of use of adrenaline?
Anaphylaxis
Life threatening asthma with failing ventilation and continued deterioration despite nebuliser therapy
How much adrenaline is in an ampule?
1mg/ml (1:1000)
What are some cautions that need to be taken when administering adrenaline?
Severe hypotension may occur in patients on beta blockers
Do not administer IV adrenaline in cases of anaphylaxis
What is the adrenaline (1:1000) dose for adults?
Administer 500mcg every 5 minutes intramuscularly. No max dose
What is the purpose of hydrocortisone?
Reduces inflammation and suppresses the immune response
How much hydrocortisone does an ampoule contain?
100mg of hydrocortisone sodium succinct for reconstitution with up to 2mls of water
