Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

Name all the components of the digestive system

Answer 1

Oral cavity
Teeth
Tongue
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Large intestine
Salivary glands
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Anus

Question 2

What are the 6 main functions of the digestive system?

Answer 2

Ingestion
Mechanical processing
Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Excretion

Question 3

What is the stomach?

Answer 3

A J shaped organ that receives masticated food in the form of a bolus from the oesophagus

Question 4

What is chyme made up of?

Answer 4

Ingested food and stomach acids

Question 5

Where is the stomach located?

Answer 5

On the LHS around T7-L3 level

Question 6

What are the 4 main functions of the stomach?

Answer 6

Storage of ingested food
Mechanical breakdown of ingested food
Absorption of chemical bonds in food material through acids and enzyme action
Production of intrinsic factor

Question 7

What are the 4 main regions of the stomach?

Answer 7

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

Question 8

What happens at the small intestine?

Answer 8

Chemical digestion is completed and products of digestion are absorbed

Question 9

What does the small intestine rely on to facilitate its digestion?

Answer 9

Relies on the liver production of bile and the pancreas’s production of enzymes

Question 10

What 3 segments make up the small intestine?

Answer 10

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 11

What are the main functions of the large intestine?

Answer 11

Reabsorption of water no compaction into feces
Absorption of vitamins released by bacterial action
Storage of feces prior to defection

Question 12

What 3 parts make up the large intestine?

Answer 12

Cecum
Colon
Rectum

Question 13

What is the largest visceral organ?

Answer 13

Liver

Question 14

Where is the liver located?

Answer 14

In the upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm and stretched to the top of the stomach, right kidney and intestines

Question 15

What are the names of the 4 lobes that makes up the liver?

Answer 15

Right
Left
Caudate
Quadrate

Question 16

What does the liver do?

Answer 16

Secretes bile into the duodenum via the common bile duct

Question 17

What are the 3 general functions of the liver?

Answer 17

Metabolic regulation
Haematological regulation
Bile production

Question 18

What does the gallbladder do?

Answer 18

Stores and concentrates bile

Question 19

Where is the gallbladder located?

Answer 19

Sits underneath the right lobe of the liver

Question 20

Which organ has connections and ducts to the liver so that the bile can transfer from liver into gallbladder where it can be stored and concentrated?

Answer 20

Gallbladder

Question 21

What are gallstones?

Answer 21

Big clumps of cholesterol which contain elements of calcium

Question 22

When do gallstones cause problems?

Answer 22

When they become trapped in a duct

Question 23

What is Crohn’s disease?

Answer 23

A lifelong condition which affects many different part of the digestive system
It is an inflammatory process that occurs

Question 24

What are the main symptoms of Crohn’s disease?

Answer 24

Diarrhoea
Stomach aches and cramps -> pain that requires hospitalisation to manage the pain

Question 25

What does ulcerative colitis affect?

Answer 25

Colon and rectum