Gender and speech theories Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Gender and speech theories Deck (10)
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1
Q

What did Trudgell do and find about male speech? (1974)

A

Used large samples of recordings to find differences in speech due to gender
Findings - Male speakers attach covert prestige to non-standard forms

2
Q

What did Jenny Cheshire (1982) find out about male talk?

A

Boys language converged towards everyday speech to show social solidarity due to being part of denser networks

3
Q

What did Lakoff (1975) find in the differentiation of male and female talk?

A

Differences in language were socially structured and women’s language were seen as deficient in comparison to men’s

4
Q

List the features of female that that Lakoff found:

A
  • Precise colour terms (magenta, mauve)
  • Weak expressive terms (oh dear)
  • ‘Empty’ adjectives (charming, sweet)
  • Tag questions to show uncertainty (isn’t it?)
  • More polite forms/euphemisms (passed away)
  • Hedges (sort of, you know)
5
Q

What did Atkins and O’Barr (1980) find that contradicted Lakoff?

A
Men in lower class backgrounds used similar features to the women in Lakoff's theory.
Language features are more dependent on power relations rather than gender.
6
Q

What did Holmes (1992) find that disputed Lakoff’s studies?

A
  • Tag questions were used to be polite and maintain a discussion rather than uncertainty
  • All female group talk used more compliments to show solidarity
7
Q

What did Jennifer Coates (1989) find in features of all female talk and not mixed?

A
  • Women used epistemic modal forms (sort of, probably) to avoid face threatening acts
  • All female talk is cooperative to help speakers negotiate the discussion
8
Q

What did Zimmerman and West (1975) find about mixed talk?

A
  • 96% of all interruptions were made by men
  • Women have restricted linguistic freedom
  • Men impose their dominant status in putting constraints on participants inputs
9
Q

What differences did Pilkington (1992) find between female and male talk?

A
  • Women in same sex talk were more collaborative than all male
  • Women aim to use positive politeness strategies
10
Q

What did Kuiper (1992) find about male talk?

A

Men used insults to express their solidarity