General

Question 1

What is Urology?

Answer 1

A branch of medicine focused on surgical and medical disorders of the urinary tract and male reproductive organs.

Question 2

Which organs are included in urology?

Answer 2

Kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, bladder, urethra, and male reproductive organs.

Question 3

What are the subspecialties of urology?

Answer 3

Urological oncology, lithiasis, andrology, pediatric urology, neurourology, female urology, transplantation, and trauma.

Question 4

What is the role of a urologist?

Answer 4

Surgeon dealing with the urinary system and male reproductive system.

Question 5

Name a diagnostic step in urological evaluation.

Answer 5

Identifying signs and symptoms.

Question 6

What does LUTS stand for?

Answer 6

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.

Question 7

What is dysuria?

Answer 7

Alteration in the urinary voiding phase.

Question 8

What is pollakiuria?

Answer 8

Increased urinary frequency without increased total diuresis.

Question 9

What is polyuria?

Answer 9

Increased 24-hour diuresis (>2.5 L).

Question 10

What is nocturia?

Answer 10

Increased urination at night.

Question 11

What is urgency?

Answer 11

Urgent need to urinate.

Question 12

What is incontinence?

Answer 12

Involuntary loss of urine.

Question 13

What is hesitancy?

Answer 13

Difficulty initiating urination.

Question 14

What is bladder tenesmus?

Answer 14

Desire to urinate despite empty bladder.

Question 15

What is post-urination dripping?

Answer 15

Urine dribbling after micturition.

Question 16

What is acute urinary retention?

Answer 16

Sudden inability to urinate, usually painful.

Question 17

What is hematuria?

Answer 17

Presence of blood in the urine.

Question 18

What is pneumaturia?

Answer 18

Air in the urine, often due to fistula.

Question 19

What is fecaluria?

Answer 19

Feces in the urine, suggesting fistula.

Question 20

What is hematospermia?

Answer 20

Blood in seminal fluid.

Question 21

What is retrograde ejaculation?

Answer 21

Semen flows backward into the bladder.

Question 22

What is the purpose of Giordano’s maneuver?

Answer 22

To test for kidney pain by percussion.

Question 23

What is cystomanometry used for?

Answer 23

Measure pressure-volume relationship during bladder filling.

Question 24

What does uroflowmetry evaluate?

Answer 24

Bladder voiding function.

Question 25

What is the Meares-Stamey test used for?

Answer 25

Diagnose prostatitis using urine samples before and after massage.

Question 26

What does a digital rectal exam assess?

Answer 26

Prostate size, margins, and tenderness.

Question 27

What is the first-level imaging exam in urology?

Answer 27

Ultrasound.

Question 28

What is CT used for in urology?

Answer 28

Evaluating stones, tumors, trauma, and infections.

Question 29

What is MRI useful for in urology?

Answer 29

Prostate imaging and detailed soft tissue evaluation.

Question 30

What is a Charrière (Ch) unit?

Answer 30

A unit of catheter diameter, where 1 Ch = 1/3 mm.

Question 31

What is a Foley catheter?

Answer 31

A catheter with a balloon used for urinary drainage.

Question 32

What is a nephrostomy?

Answer 32

Percutaneous catheter inserted into renal pelvis for drainage.

Question 33

What is a Double J stent?

Answer 33

A ureteral stent with curls on both ends to prevent migration.

Question 34

What is cystoscopy used for?

Answer 34

Visual inspection of the urethra and bladder.

Question 35

What is ureteroscopy used for?

Answer 35

Inspection and treatment of the ureters.

Question 36

What is a resectoscope used for?

Answer 36

Surgical procedures in the bladder and prostate.

Question 37

What is a nephroscope?

Answer 37

Instrument for percutaneous kidney procedures.

Question 38

What is monopolar energy used for?

Answer 38

Cutting and coagulation in surgery using high-frequency current.

Question 39

What is bipolar energy in urology?

Answer 39

Localized energy for cutting and coagulation without ground pad.

Question 40

What is the holmium laser used for?

Answer 40

Lithotripsy and prostate surgery.

Question 41

What is the thulium laser used for?

Answer 41

Tissue vaporization and prostate surgery.

Question 42

What is HIFU used for?

Answer 42

High-intensity focused ultrasound used for tumor ablation.

Question 43

What is the da Vinci Robot?

Answer 43

A robotic surgical system for minimally invasive procedures.

Question 44

What are the components of the da Vinci Robot?

Answer 44

Surgeon console, patient cart, and vision cart.

Question 45

What does the vision cart do?

Answer 45

Processes and displays surgical field images.

Question 46

What is the purpose of robotic surgery?

Answer 46

Enhanced precision and control in urological surgeries.

Question 47

What is a 3-way Foley catheter used for?

Answer 47

Irrigation and drainage, especially in hematuria cases.

Question 48

Why use a Tiemann tip catheter?

Answer 48

For navigating urethral strictures.

Question 49

What is electrohydraulic energy used for?

Answer 49

Generating shock waves for lithotripsy.

Question 50

What is a cystourethrogram?

Answer 50

Imaging test to evaluate bladder and urethra morphology using contrast.