Male Genital Infections

Question 1

What defines male genital infections?

Answer 1

Infections affecting the prostate, urethra, epididymis, testicles, and penis caused by bacteria, protozoa, viruses, or fungi.

Question 2

What is the incidence of prostatitis?

Answer 2

7% to 12%

Question 3

What age group is most affected by prostatitis?

Answer 3

Men over 50 years old

Question 4

What is the most common bacterial cause of acute prostatitis?

Answer 4

Escherichia coli

Question 5

List four routes of prostate infection.

Answer 5

Ascending urethral, intraprostatic reflux, lymphatic, and hematogenous

Question 6

What are key symptoms of acute prostatitis?

Answer 6

Pelvi-perineal pain, fever, urinary symptoms, hematuria, urinary retention

Question 7

What is contraindicated in acute prostatitis diagnosis?

Answer 7

Prostate massage

Question 8

What imaging can support prostatitis diagnosis?

Answer 8

TRUS and prostate MRI

Question 9

How long should antibiotics be given for acute prostatitis?

Answer 9

4 weeks

Question 10

What defines chronic bacterial prostatitis?

Answer 10

Symptoms lasting at least 3 months with recurring infection by the same pathogen

Question 11

What are additional symptoms of chronic bacterial prostatitis?

Answer 11

Painful ejaculation, hemospermia, premature ejaculation

Question 12

Which test helps differentiate chronic prostatitis types?

Answer 12

Meares-Stamey four-glass test

Question 13

What is chronic pelvic pain syndrome?

Answer 13

Chronic prostatitis without identifiable bacterial cause lasting ≥3 months

Question 14

Name two types of CPPS.

Answer 14

Inflammatory (IIIa) and non-inflammatory (IIIb)

Question 15

What is a key mechanism in CPPS?

Answer 15

Mast cell activation and autoimmune response

Question 16

What symptoms are typical in CPPS?

Answer 16

Pain in scrotum, lower limbs, groin, glans, perineal heaviness

Question 17

What tool is used to assess CPPS symptoms?

Answer 17

Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI)

Question 18

What is the goal of CPPS treatment?

Answer 18

Improve quality of life

Question 19

What is asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis?

Answer 19

Inflammation seen on biopsy without symptoms

Question 20

What lab value often prompts investigation of asymptomatic prostatitis?

Answer 20

Altered PSA

Question 21

What is urethritis?

Answer 21

Inflammation of the urethra often from sexually transmitted infection

Question 22

What are the two main types of urethritis?

Answer 22

Gonococcal and non-gonococcal

Question 23

What causes gonococcal urethritis?

Answer 23

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 24

What causes non-gonococcal urethritis?

Answer 24

Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, Trichomonas

Question 25

What are symptoms of gonococcal urethritis?

Answer 25

Greenish purulent discharge, burning urination, urethral itching

Question 26

What is the treatment for gonococcal urethritis?

Answer 26

Ceftriaxone 1g IM or azithromycin 1g PO

Question 27

What is the typical symptom of non-gonococcal urethritis?

Answer 27

Clear, transparent urethral secretion

Question 28

What test is preferred for non-gonococcal urethritis?

Answer 28

First and second jet urine culture, urethral swab

Question 29

How is non-gonococcal urethritis treated?

Answer 29

Doxycycline or azithromycin

Question 30

What is epididymitis?

Answer 30

Inflammation of the epididymis

Question 31

What causes epididymitis in men <35 years?

Answer 31

Sexually transmitted pathogens

Question 32

What causes epididymitis in older men?

Answer 32

Urinary pathogens like E. coli

Question 33

What is a key sign of epididymitis on physical exam?

Answer 33

Positive Prehn’s sign (pain relief when lifting the testicle)

Question 34

What imaging is used for epididymitis diagnosis?

Answer 34

Scrotal ultrasound with color Doppler (ECD)

Question 35

How is epididymitis treated in young men?

Answer 35

Tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones

Question 36

What complication may require surgery in epididymitis?

Answer 36

Abscess formation

Question 37

What is orchitis?

Answer 37

Inflammation of the testicle

Question 38

What virus is often responsible for non-bacterial orchitis?

Answer 38

Mumps virus

Question 39

What is orchiepididymitis?

Answer 39

Concurrent inflammation of testicle and epididymis

Question 40

What are orchitis symptoms?

Answer 40

Scrotal pain radiating to groin, fever, nausea

Question 41

How is orchitis treated?

Answer 41

Same as epididymitis; NSAIDs for viral forms

Question 42

What infection affects both glans and foreskin?

Answer 42

Balanoposthitis

Question 43

Which STIs commonly cause urethral infections?

Answer 43

Chlamydia, Gonorrhea

Question 44

What chronic condition may develop from untreated prostatitis?

Answer 44

Infertility

Question 45

What is the role of DRE in prostatitis?

Answer 45

Assess size, tenderness, consistency of prostate

Question 46

Which pathogens can cause prostatitis but are not always bacterial?

Answer 46

Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, HSV

Question 47

How is pain in CPPS described?

Answer 47

Neuropathic with burning, heaviness, radiation to lower limbs

Question 48

What is the purpose of the Meares-Stamey test?

Answer 48

Differentiate between types of prostatitis using urine samples

Question 49

Why is prostate massage avoided in acute prostatitis?

Answer 49

Risk of bacteremia or sepsis

Question 50

What are common complications of untreated urethritis?

Answer 50

Epididymitis, prostatitis, infertility

Question 51

What diagnostic sample is preferred in gonococcal urethritis?

Answer 51

Urethral swab for culture