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Pharm Unit 3 Drugs > General Anesthetics > Flashcards

General Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Propofol (Diprivan) Other SE

A

Painful injection site; supports bacterial growth

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2
Q

Nitrous Oxide Class

A

Inorganic gas

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3
Q

Isoflurane (Forane) Class

A

Volatile anesthetic

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4
Q

Propofol (Diprivan) Class

A

Alkylphenol (a fatty acid)

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5
Q

Etomidate (Amidate) Class

A

Carboxylated imidazole

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6
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar) Class

A

Phencyclidine

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7
Q

Succinylcholine (Anectine) Class

A

Depolarizing NMB

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8
Q

Pancuronium (Pavulon) Class

A

Amino steroid non-depolarizing NMB

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9
Q

Vecuronium (Norcuron) Class

A

Amino steroid non-depolarizing NMB

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10
Q

Edrophonium (Enlon) Class

A

AChE-I

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11
Q

Neostigmine (Prostigmin) Class

A

AChE-I

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12
Q

Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) Class

A

AChE-I

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13
Q

Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) Class

A

Anti-muscarinic

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14
Q

Nitrous Oxide MOA

A

NMDA receptor antagonist

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15
Q

Isoflurane (Forane) MOA

A

Most potent

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16
Q

Propofol (Diprivan) MOA

A

GABAa receptor agonist, antagonist of NMDA-glutamate receptor; some a2 receptor activity; rapid onset and offset

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17
Q

Etomidate (Amidate) MOA

A

GABAa receptor agonist (only D-isomer)

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18
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar) MOA

A

NMDA receptor antagonist, kappa opiate agonist; leads to dose-dependent unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia

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19
Q

Succinylcholine (Anectine) MOA

A

Divalent ACh molecule; attaches to all ACh receptors, overstimulating them (first seen as disorganized muscular contractions (fasiculations), then paralysis)

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20
Q

Pancuronium (Pavulon) MOA

A

Competitive blockade of ACh (no depolarization); vagolytic

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21
Q

Vecuronium (Norcuron) MOA

A

Competitive blockade of ACh (no depolarization)

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22
Q

Edrophonium (Enlon) Class

A
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23
Q

Neostigmine (Prostigmin) Class

A
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24
Q

Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) Class

A
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25
Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) Class
---
26
Nitrous Oxide Therapeutics
Mask induction in children; adjuvant to volatile anesthetics, opioids
27
Isoflurane (Forane) Therapeutics
Gold standard for maintenance of anesthesia
28
Propofol (Diprivan) Therapeutics
Anti-emetic at low doses; induction and maintenance of general anesthesia; sedation in ICU, procedural sedation
29
Etomidate (Amidate) Therapeutics
Hypnosis; no analgesic activity
30
Ketamine (Ketalar) Therapeutics
Sedative/anesthetic for pediatric/developmentally delayed patients; induction in patients with reactive airway disease, hypovolemia (trauma patients), cardiac disease; with propofol for IV procedural sedation; adjuvant during and after surgery to reduce opiod use; part of multimodal pain therapy regimen; depression treatment
31
Succinylcholine (Anectine) Therapeutics
Skeletal muscle relaxant (intubation)
32
Pancuronium (Pavulon) Therapeutics
Skeletal muscle relaxant; avoid in patients with renal insufficiency
33
Vecuronium (Norcuron) Therapeutics
Skeletal muscle relaxant
34
Edrophonium (Enlon) Therapeutics
Reversal of NMB
35
Neostigmine (Prostigmin) Therapeutics
Reversal of NMB (most commonly used)
36
Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) Mask induction in children; adjuvant to volatile anesthetics, opioids Gold standard for maintenance of anesthesia
Reversal of NMB
37
Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) Mask induction in children; adjuvant to volatile anesthetics, opioids Gold standard for maintenance of anesthesia
Reversal of neuromuscular blockade's muscaranic effects
38
Nitrous Oxide Important SE
Post-operative nausea and vomiting; inactivates vitamin B (leading to abnormal embryonic development, abortion); accumulates in closed, air-containing spaces (bowel, middle ear, pneumothoraces, air emboli) because N2O insoluble in blood
39
Isoflurane (Forane) Important SE
Pungent; dose dependent CNS depression, increase in cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure; dose dependent decrease in systemic BP, decrease in respiratory function; relaxes skeletal muscle; increase in HR; malignant hyperthermia
40
Propofol (Diprivan) Important SE
Propofol infusion syndrome: being given for several days leads to metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, heart & renal failure, lowering of BP, bradycardia, and death (likely due to fatty acid oxidation)
41
Etomidate (Amidate) Important SE
Pain on administration (due to solvent, propylene glycol); involuntary myoclonic movements due to subcortical disinhibition (not a seizure); post-operative nausea and vomiting; single dose inhibits cortisol synthesis
42
Ketamine (Ketalar) Important SE
Stimulates sympathetic nervous system outflow; increases cerebral blood flow, ICP; emergence delerium; nystagmus, lacrimation, salivation, and dissociative anesthesia
43
Succinylcholine (Anectine) Important SE
Malignant hyperthermia; cardiac dysrhythmias, hyperkalemia, increased intraocular pressure, increased intracranial pressure
44
Pancuronium (Pavulon) Important SE
Increase in HR
45
Vecuronium (Norcuron) Important SE
No cardiovascular effects
46
Edrophonium (Enlon) Important SE
---
47
Neostigmine (Prostigmin) Important SE
---
48
Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) Important SE
---
49
Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) Important SE
DUMBELLS
50
Nitrous Oxide Misc
No muscle relaxant
51
Isoflurane (Forane) Misc
..
52
Propofol (Diprivan) Misc
Administered IV in a lipid emulsion (cause of pain); be aware of allergies (egg and soy in emulsion); no malignant hyperthermia
53
Etomidate (Amidate) Misc
Minimal cardiorespiratory depression (good agent in patients with minimal cardiac reserve)
54
Ketamine (Ketalar) Misc
Racemic mixture (S more potent); metabolized by P450 (norketamine, a third to a fifth as effective); great bronchodilator; contraindicated in CAD patients and those with with intracranial lesions
55
Succinylcholine (Anectine) Misc
Hydrolyzed by pseudocholinesterase (in plasma); blockade cannot be reversed; only NMB with rapid onset and ultra-short duration of action
56
Pancuronium (Pavulon) Misc
Only long acting non-depolarizing agent; supplied as liquid; 80% excreted unchanged in liver (low metabolism in liver); reverse with AChEI
57
Vecuronium (Norcuron)Misc
Intermediate acting; supplied as a powder (reconstitute); hepatic metabolism, hepatic and renal excretion; reverse with AChEI
58
Edrophonium (Enlon)Misc
Short-acting, fast onset
59
Neostigmine (Prostigmin) Misc
More complete antagonism than edrophonium
60
Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)Misc
Longer duration of action than neostigmine, edrophonium
61
Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) Misc
Could also use atropine
62
Succinylcholine (Anectine) Other SE
Increased intragastric pressure, myalgias, masseter spasm

Pharm Unit 3 Drugs (13 decks)

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