Genetic Material

Question 1

These are the three macromolecules that comprise a living organism.

Answer 1

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins

Question 2

DNA is first isolated by this individual at the following year and by what substance.

Answer 2

Friedrich Miescher; 1869; Pus

Question 3

This is the year where DNA was discovered and the people that discovered it.

Answer 3

1952; Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

Question 4

This is the experiement done in order to determine if DNA carried genetic information.

Answer 4

Hershey-Chase Experiment on a T4 Phage

Question 5

These are the two processes they used in order to determine which part of a phage held genetic material.

Answer 5

1. Blending
2. Centrifugation

Question 6

This is the material wherein its radioactivity determined that it stored genetic information.

Answer 6

Pellets (Radioactive DNA via Phosphorus)

Question 7

These are the radioactive element they used and the respective material it binds to in a phage.

Answer 7

Sulfur: Protein
Phosphorus: DNA

Question 8

This is the a virus that mainly hunts down bacteria.

Answer 8

Phage

Question 9

This is the process in which a cell burts open due to vrius replicating inside of it.

Answer 9

Cell Lysis

Question 10

This is what a body of a bacteriophage is made out of.

Answer 10

Proteins

Question 11

These are the two individuals that introduced the current accepted model of a DNA which is a double helix.

Answer 11

Francis Crick and James Watson

Question 12

This is the person that that published a paper in Nature that supported the model of Watson and Crick.

Answer 12

Maurice Wilkins

Question 13

This is the prize that Watson and Crick won.

Answer 13

Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology

Question 14

This is the fundamental relationship between DNA, RNA, and Proteins.

Answer 14

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Question 15

This is a two-step process, by which information in genes flows intro protein, that is defined by the dogma.

Answer 15

Transcription and Translation

Question 16

This is the process wherein DNA is converted into RNA.

Synthesis of RNA via copy of DNA segment.

Answer 16

Transcription

Question 17

This is the process that converts mRNA to Proteins.

Answer 17

Translation

Question 18

This is the main repository of genetic inormation among all living organisms and viruses.

Answer 18

DNA

Question 19

This is the two chains interlaced with one another to form the double helix.

Answer 19

Bipolymer

Question 20

This is what the two strands are called.

Answer 20

Polynucleotides

Question 21

These are what the smaller units of the two strands are called.

Answer 21

Nucleotides

Question 22

These are made up of nitrogenous bases and is composed of pentose sugar backbones.

Answer 22

Nucelotides

Question 23

This is what nucleotides are made up of.

Answer 23

Nucelobases (Nitrogenous Bases)

A-T and C-G

Question 24

This is the structure when nucleobases are linked to a sugar.

Answer 24

Nucelosides

Question 25

This is the type of linkage that bases form with sugars.

Answer 25

N-B-glycosidic Linkage

Question 26

These are the respective linkages of a base and sugar each nucleoside have.

Answer 26

1. Purine: C1 Sugar to N9 Base 2. Pyrimidine: C1 Sugar to N1 Base

Question 27

These are the type of bonds a phosphate group and a nucleoside form.

Answer 27

Phosphodiester Bonds | 1, 2, or 3 phosphate bonds at the 3' or 5' hydroxyl group.

Question 28

This acts as the sugar backbone that connects all other DNA components.

Answer 28

2-deoxyribose | This is a pentose sugar.

Question 29

This is an aldopentose monosaccaride with 5 carbons and an aldehyde functional group.

Answer 29

2-deoxyribose

Question 30

This is the reaction and the product in the formation of a phosphodiester bond.

Answer 30

Condensation Reaction and produces H2O

Question 31

These are nitrogen-containing molecules necessary in the repetitive pattern of a DNA in order to maintain genetic information.

Answer 31

Nucleobases

Question 32

Two types of nucleobases and their ring structure.

Answer 32

1. Purines (Double-ringed) 2. Pyrimidines (Single-ringed)

Question 33

These are the base pairings and their repsective H bonds.

Answer 33

1. A-T/U: 2 H bonds 2. G-C: 3 H bonds | Purines only pair with Pyrimidines.

Question 34

This is the main strand of a DNA sequence and the same as that of a protein tranlsated by an mRNA.

Answer 34

Sense | Can also be called as the Leading Strand.

Question 35

This is the opposite strand of a DNA sequence.

Answer 35

Antisense | Can also be called as the Lagging Strand.

Question 36

This nucleic acid is a lot more fragile and prone to hydrolysis.

Answer 36

RNA

Question 37

This is the unmethylated form of Thymine.

Answer 37

Uracil

Question 38

This is the effect of a DNA sequence that have erroneous patterns.

Answer 38

Genetic Abnormalities

Question 39

This is an example of a start codon.

Answer 39

AUG

Question 40

These are examples of a stop codon.

Answer 40

UAG, UAA, UGA

Question 41

These are the complementary strands of senses and mRNA

Answer 41

1. Sense: Antisense 2. Codons: Anti-codons | mRNA becomes tRNA.

Question 42

These are the structures formed when 3 anti-codons are grouped together.

Answer 42

Peptides

Question 43

This is the process of which a DNA allows itself to be tightened and loosened.

Answer 43

Supercoiling | Their negative charge allows them to supercoil.

Question 44

This enzyme catalyzes the transcription process of the mRNA to the antisense strand of the DNA.

Answer 44

DNA Polymerase

Question 45

These are the three alternate DNA structures.

Answer 45

A, B, and Z

Question 46

These are the properties of an A-DNA.

Answer 46

1. Right-handed 2. 75% Humidity with Na, K, Cs ions 3. 11 bases per turn 4. 23A helical diameter | This type of DNA requires RNA utilization.

Question 47

These are the properties of a B-DNA

Answer 47

1. Right-handed 2. 10 bases per turn 3. Most common DNA found in animals and plants 4. 20A helical diameter

Question 48

This alternate DNA is generally considered to be a laboratory anomaly.

Answer 48

Z-DNA | Otherwise knows as Zig-zag DNA.

Question 49

This nucleic acids plays an important role in the regulation and expression of genes.

Answer 49

RNA | That's ribonucleic acid for 'ya!

Question 50

These are the types of RNA.

Answer 50

1. mRNA (Messenger) 2. tRNA (Transfer) 3. rRNA (Ribosomal)

Question 51

This RNA is reposnsible for carrying information about protein sequences to the ribosomes.

Answer 51

mRNA

Question 52

This RNA is small and attatches specific amino acids to growing polypetide chains at ribosomal sites of protein synthesis.

Answer 52

tRNA

Question 53

This is the number of nucleoties composing a tRNA.

Answer 53

80

Question 54

This RNA is found mostly in eukaryotes and serve as catalytic components of ribosomes.

Answer 54

rRNA

Question 55

This RNA is important in silencing, downregulating, and suppressing gene expression.

Answer 55

MicroRNA

Question 56

This is a parasitic nematode that posses microRNAs.

Answer 56

Caenorhabditis elegans

Question 57

These are the characteristics of a virus with regards to nucleic acids.

Answer 57

Either DNA or RNA | DNA is always double-stranded and RNA is either.

Question 58

This virus is an example of double-strand DNA.

Answer 58

Rotavirus | Comes from the Retroviridae Family.

Question 59

This is an example of illnes a rotavirus causes.

Answer 59

Gastroenteritis

Question 60

This refers to a complete set of DNA or RNA in an organism.

Answer 60

Genome | Genomes and DNA is stored in chromosomes.