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Cytogenetics > Introduction to Cytogenetics > Flashcards

Introduction to Cytogenetics Flashcards

1
Q

This is the study of life, where genetics come from.

A

Biology

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2
Q

This deals with the heredity and how organisms pass on genetic information.

A

Genetics

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3
Q

He was the one that suggested that physical characteristics are stored within semen, and it interacts with menstrual blood.

A

Aristotle

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4
Q

An Augustinian monk that used peas to observe characteristics up to two generations a year.

A

Gregor Johann Mendel

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5
Q

The Father of Modern Genetics

A

Gregor Johann Mendel

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6
Q

The year where Mendel presented his findings to the Natural History Society of Brunn.

A

1865

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7
Q

The year scientists accepted the Blending Theory of Mendel.

A

1900’s

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8
Q

This is when offsprings have characteristics where it seems to blend in together.

A

The Blending Theory

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9
Q

This is an organism that makes it easy for researchers to investigate particular traits.

A

A Model System

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10
Q

Through this, researchers can learn principles and apply harder-to-learn organisms or biological systems such as humans.

A

A Model System

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11
Q

This is the number of chromosomes pair a human has.

A

23 pairs

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12
Q

The number of autosomal pairs a human has.

A

22 autosomal pairs

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13
Q

The number of chromosome sex pair a human has.

A

1 pair

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14
Q

What are the two variation of sex pairs: a woman and man.

A

XX is for a woman: XY for a man

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15
Q

This is when a particular trait (a pair of alleles separate and only one allele) passes from parent to offspring.

A

The Principle of Segregation

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16
Q

This is when different genes separate on their own from one another when reproductive cells develop.

A

Principle of Independent Assortment

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17
Q

This was observed by Gregor Johann Mendel during his 1865 studies of pea plants.

A

Principle of Independent Assortment

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18
Q

This refers to the relationship between two versions of a gene.

A

Dominant Gene

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19
Q

This refers to the two version of genes we receive from each parent.

A

Allele

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20
Q

This is the allele that will be expressed in a heterogenous pair of genes.

A

Dominant Gene

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21
Q

This is the effect of the other allele. A masked allele.

A

Recessive Gene

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22
Q

This is when both alleles are partially expressed.

A

Incomplete Dominance

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23
Q

This occurs with polygenic inheritance traits such as eye color or skin color.

A

Incomplete Dominance

24
Q

This is a type of heterogenous phenotype that comes from two homogenous dominant and recessive traits.

A

Incomplete Dominance

25
Q

This is when two homogenous dominant parents create a generation where the offspring shows both dominant alleles.

A

Co-dominance

26
Q

This is when a parent passes down a condition to a child via autosomes.

A

Autosomal Inheritance

27
Q

This is when a copy of a faulty gene from one parent can cause a condition in the child.

A

Autosomal Inheritance

28
Q

This is the chance of a child inheriting a faulty gene if one parent has an autosomal disorder.

A

50%

29
Q

This is only possible when both parents have a heterogenous autosomal disorder.

A

Autosomal Recessive Inheritance

30
Q

This is possible if at least 1 parent has an autosomal gene disorder.

A

Autosomal Dominant Inheritance

31
Q

This is a condition that stems from the X chromosome.

A

X-linked Dominant

32
Q

Males inheriting this copy of the gene would manifest the condition.

A

X-linked Dominant

33
Q

Females inheriting one copy of this condition would only have a less sever manifestation. Inheriting 2 copies would manifest it completely.

A

X-linked Dominant

34
Q

A condition wherein only females can pass the disorder.

A

X-linked Dominant

35
Q

A condition that stems from the X chromosome that is neither dominant nor recessive.

A

X-linked

36
Q

This condition is only present in males and can only be passed from male parent to male child.

A

Y-linked

37
Q

He used fruit flies in his research.

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

38
Q

This is the scientific name of a fruit fly.

A

Drosophila melanogaster

39
Q

The founder of the double helix structure of DNA.

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

40
Q

The person that coined the word genetics for the first time.

A

William Bateson

41
Q

The two individuals that made significant findings on genetic linkages.

A

Bateson and Punnett

42
Q

This is the year when William and Punnett made discoveries for cytogenetics.

A

1905

43
Q

These two people used the equilibrium density gradient centrifugation in their studies.

A

Meselson and Stahl

44
Q

This is the year Meselson and Stahl made discoveries for cytogenetics.

A

1958

45
Q

This process was used in order to conclude DNA replication as “semi-conservative.”

A

Equilibrium Density Gradient Centrifugation

46
Q

This is the person that discovered the PCR.

A

Fred Sanger

47
Q

This is the process of a reverse transcriptase.

A

mRNA to DNA

48
Q

The year when Fred Sanger made a significant discovery for cytogenetics.

A

1986

49
Q

The first ever animal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell.

A

Dolly the Sheep

50
Q

The two people that cloned the first animal from an adult somatic cell.

A

Keith Campbell and Lian Wilmut

51
Q

The year Keith Campbell and Lian Wilmut made discoveries for cytogenetics.

A

1996

52
Q

The year Dolly the Sheep was cloned.

A

1996

53
Q

The first pet to be cloned.

A

CC the Cat

54
Q

The year where the CC the Cat was cloned.

A

2001

55
Q

This was the year and case when lots of contradictions on cloning humans and animals were made.

A

2001: The case of CC the Cat.

56
Q

This is when alleles coming from parent genes can create various different phenotypes. One such example are blood types.

A

Mixed Dominance

Cytogenetics (15 decks)

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