Introduction to Cytogenetics

Question 1

This is the study of life, where genetics come from.

Answer 1

Biology

Question 2

This deals with the heredity and how organisms pass on genetic information.

Answer 2

Genetics

Question 3

He was the one that suggested that physical characteristics are stored within semen, and it interacts with menstrual blood.

Answer 3

Aristotle

Question 4

An Augustinian monk that used peas to observe characteristics up to two generations a year.

Answer 4

Gregor Johann Mendel

Question 5

The Father of Modern Genetics

Answer 5

Gregor Johann Mendel

Question 6

The year where Mendel presented his findings to the Natural History Society of Brunn.

Answer 6

1865

Question 7

The year scientists accepted the Blending Theory of Mendel.

Answer 7

1900’s

Question 8

This is when offsprings have characteristics where it seems to blend in together.

Answer 8

The Blending Theory

Question 9

This is an organism that makes it easy for researchers to investigate particular traits.

Answer 9

A Model System

Question 10

Through this, researchers can learn principles and apply harder-to-learn organisms or biological systems such as humans.

Answer 10

A Model System

Question 11

This is the number of chromosomes pair a human has.

Answer 11

23 pairs

Question 12

The number of autosomal pairs a human has.

Answer 12

22 autosomal pairs

Question 13

The number of chromosome sex pair a human has.

Answer 13

1 pair

Question 14

What are the two variation of sex pairs: a woman and man.

Answer 14

XX is for a woman: XY for a man

Question 15

This is when a particular trait (a pair of alleles separate and only one allele) passes from parent to offspring.

Answer 15

The Principle of Segregation

Question 16

This is when different genes separate on their own from one another when reproductive cells develop.

Answer 16

Principle of Independent Assortment

Question 17

This was observed by Gregor Johann Mendel during his 1865 studies of pea plants.

Answer 17

Principle of Independent Assortment

Question 18

This refers to the relationship between two versions of a gene.

Answer 18

Dominant Gene

Question 19

This refers to the two version of genes we receive from each parent.

Answer 19

Allele

Question 20

This is the allele that will be expressed in a heterogenous pair of genes.

Answer 20

Dominant Gene

Question 21

This is the effect of the other allele. A masked allele.

Answer 21

Recessive Gene

Question 22

This is when both alleles are partially expressed.

Answer 22

Incomplete Dominance

Question 23

This occurs with polygenic inheritance traits such as eye color or skin color.

Answer 23

Incomplete Dominance

Question 24

This is a type of heterogenous phenotype that comes from two homogenous dominant and recessive traits.

Answer 24

Incomplete Dominance

Question 25

This is when two homogenous dominant parents create a generation where the offspring shows both dominant alleles.

Answer 25

Co-dominance

Question 26

This is when a parent passes down a condition to a child via autosomes.

Answer 26

Autosomal Inheritance

Question 27

This is when a copy of a faulty gene from one parent can cause a condition in the child.

Answer 27

Autosomal Inheritance

Question 28

This is the chance of a child inheriting a faulty gene if one parent has an autosomal disorder.

Answer 28

50%

Question 29

This is only possible when both parents have a heterogenous autosomal disorder.

Answer 29

Autosomal Recessive Inheritance

Question 30

This is possible if at least 1 parent has an autosomal gene disorder.

Answer 30

Autosomal Dominant Inheritance

Question 31

This is a condition that stems from the X chromosome.

Answer 31

X-linked Dominant

Question 32

Males inheriting this copy of the gene would manifest the condition.

Answer 32

X-linked Dominant

Question 33

Females inheriting one copy of this condition would only have a less sever manifestation. Inheriting 2 copies would manifest it completely.

Answer 33

X-linked Dominant

Question 34

A condition wherein only females can pass the disorder.

Answer 34

X-linked Dominant

Question 35

A condition that stems from the X chromosome that is neither dominant nor recessive.

Answer 35

X-linked

Question 36

This condition is only present in males and can only be passed from male parent to male child.

Answer 36

Y-linked

Question 37

He used fruit flies in his research.

Answer 37

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Question 38

This is the scientific name of a fruit fly.

Answer 38

Drosophila melanogaster

Question 39

The founder of the double helix structure of DNA.

Answer 39

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 40

The person that coined the word genetics for the first time.

Answer 40

William Bateson

Question 41

The two individuals that made significant findings on genetic linkages.

Answer 41

Bateson and Punnett

Question 42

This is the year when William and Punnett made discoveries for cytogenetics.

Answer 42

1905

Question 43

These two people used the equilibrium density gradient centrifugation in their studies.

Answer 43

Meselson and Stahl

Question 44

This is the year Meselson and Stahl made discoveries for cytogenetics.

Answer 44

1958

Question 45

This process was used in order to conclude DNA replication as "semi-conservative."

Answer 45

Equilibrium Density Gradient Centrifugation

Question 46

This is the person that discovered the PCR.

Answer 46

Fred Sanger

Question 47

This is the process of a reverse transcriptase.

Answer 47

mRNA to DNA

Question 48

The year when Fred Sanger made a significant discovery for cytogenetics.

Answer 48

1986

Question 49

The first ever animal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell.

Answer 49

Dolly the Sheep

Question 50

The two people that cloned the first animal from an adult somatic cell.

Answer 50

Keith Campbell and Lian Wilmut

Question 51

The year Keith Campbell and Lian Wilmut made discoveries for cytogenetics.

Answer 51

1996

Question 52

The year Dolly the Sheep was cloned.

Answer 52

1996

Question 53

The first pet to be cloned.

Answer 53

CC the Cat

Question 54

The year where the CC the Cat was cloned.

Answer 54

2001

Question 55

This was the year and case when lots of contradictions on cloning humans and animals were made.

Answer 55

2001: The case of CC the Cat.

Question 56

This is when alleles coming from parent genes can create various different phenotypes. One such example are blood types.

Answer 56

Mixed Dominance