genetics and inheritance <-> my own notes

Question 1

genes

Answer 1

DNA sequences that contain instructions for
building proteins

Question 2

genetics

Answer 2

study of genes and their transmission from
one generation to the next

Question 3

genome

Answer 3

sum total of all of an organism’s DNA

Question 4

structures within the nucleus,
composed of DNA and protein

Answer 4

CHROMOSOMES

Question 5

where are genes located

Answer 5

chormosomes

Question 6

humans have how may pairs of chromosomes an tell me the two types

Answer 6

chromosomes; 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes

Question 7

Autosome pairs are referred to as

Answer 7

homologous chromosomes.

Question 8

homologous chromosomes.

Answer 8

one member of each pair is inherited from each parent, look alike, but are not idenitcal because they ahve different alleles of particular genes

Question 9

alleles

Answer 9

alternaitve froms of genes that arise of mutation

Question 10

two identical alleles at a particular
locus (location of a gene on a chromosome).

Answer 10

homozygous

Question 11

two different alleles at a particular locus

Answer 11

heterozygous

Question 12

an individuals complet set of alleles

Answer 12

genotype

Question 13

observable physical and functional traits; ex -> hair color, eye color, blood type

Answer 13

phenotype

Question 14

how is phenotype determined

Answer 14

by inherited alleles as well as environmental facotrs and lifestyle choices

Question 15

punnett suare

Answer 15

used to predict patterns of inheritnace

Question 16

dominant allele

Answer 16

Masks or suppresses the expression of its
complementary allele

Question 17

recessive allele

Answer 17

Will not be expressed if paired with a dominant
allele (heterozygous).
* Will only be expressed if individual is homozygous for the recessive allele.

Question 18

results from inheriting a recessive allele of the
CFTR gene from each parent

Answer 18

cystic fibrosis

Question 19

The alleles of different genes are distributed to gametes
independently during meiosis.
* This law applies only if the two genes in question are on
different chromosomes

Answer 19

Law of independent assortment

Question 20

incomplete dominance

Answer 20

Heterozygotes express a phenotype intermediate between
either homozygote.

Question 21

heterozygotes express both inherited
alleles equally

Answer 21

codominance

Question 22

Inheritance of phenotypic traits that depend on many
genes

Answer 22

polygenic inheritance

Question 23

these are examples of _______; eye color, skin color, height, body size, and body shape

Answer 23

polygenic traits:

Question 24

Refers to the modification and transmission of traits in
ways that do not directly involve changes in the
nucleotide sequence of a gene

Answer 24

epigenetic inheritance

Question 25

physcially located on the same chromosome

Answer 25

Linked alleles

Question 26

sex-infleucned traints are encoded in what type of chromosome

Answer 26

autosomes

Question 27

expression of sex-infelucned traints is affected by the presence of

Answer 27

testosterone and/or estrogen

Question 28

Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate

Answer 28

nondisjunction

Question 29

trisomy 21(three copies of chromosome number 21)

Answer 29

down syndrome

Question 30

piece of chromosomes breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome; increase risk of cancers

Answer 30

translocations

Question 31

huntington disease

Answer 31

cuased by letah dominat allele; always expressed in heteozygote; not expressed until midlife