Genitourinary System: General Overview

Question 1

Muscles of the Pelvic diaphragm

Answer 1

Levator ani:
pubococcygeus
puborectalis
iliococcygeus
and coccygeus (ischicoccygeus)

Question 2

Muscles of the Urogenital diaphragm

Answer 2

Deep transverse perineal

Urethrae sphincter

Question 3

Muscles of the Urogenital triangle

Answer 3

Female (bulbocavernosus) or Male (bulbospongiosus)
Ischiocavernosus
Superficial transverse perineal

Question 4

Muscles of the Anal triangle

Answer 4

Internal anal sphincter

External anal sphincter

Question 5

Development of endometrial tissue in extrauterine locations.
S&Sx: moderate to severe lower abdominal, pelvic or low back pain before/during menstruation, irregular menstrual cycles, premenstrual spotting, dyspareunia, pain during defecation, and infertility

Answer 5

Endometriosis

Question 6

Descent of the uterus and cervix into the vagina.
S&Sx: pelvic pressure that increases with exertion, urgency, frequency, urinary incontinence, incomplete bladder emptying, discomfort, vaginal dryness or irritation, dyspareunia, and low back pain that is relieved by lying down

Answer 6

Uterine Prolapse

Question 7

Inflammation of the prostate gland. Four types: acute bacterial (I), chronic bacterial (II), chronic pelvic pain syndrome (III), and asymptomatic inflammatory (IV)
S&Sx: watery urethral discharge, urgency, frequency, discomfort with urination, and pain with ejaculation.
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome: pain in perineum, rectum, prostate, penis, testicles, and abdomen
Asymptomatic inflammatory: prostate inflammation in absence of genitourinary tract symptoms

Answer 7

Prostatitis

Question 8

Kidney damage with normal GFR (90 or greater) Stage

Answer 8

Stage 1

Question 9

Decrease in GFR (60-89) Stage

Answer 9

Stage 2

Question 10

Decrease in GFR (30-59) Stage

Answer 10

Stage 3

Question 11

Decrease in GFR (15-29) Stage

Answer 11

Stage 4

Question 12

GFR

Answer 12

Kidney failure

Question 13

Damage to cerebral control that allows for urinary dysfunction
S&Sx: frequent urinary tract infections, leakage of urine, inability to empty the bladder or loss of the urge to urinate when the bladder is full.

Answer 13

Neurogenic Bladder

Question 14

Loss of urine due to activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure

Answer 14

Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI)

Question 15

Loss of urine after a sudden, intense urge to void due to the detrusor muscle of the bladder involuntarily contracting during bladder filling. (most common in geriatrics)

Answer 15

Urge Urinary Incontinence (UUI)

Question 16

Loss of urine when the intra-bladder pressure exceeds the urethra’s capacity to remain closed due to urinary retention

Answer 16

Overflow Urinary Incontinence (OUI)

Question 17

Loss of urine due to inability or unwillingness of a person to use the bathroom facilities prior to involuntary bladder release

Answer 17

Functional Urinary Incontinence (FUI)

Question 18

Inadequate urine output in a 24-hour period; less than ml

Answer 18

Anuria

Question 19

A non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that is progressive. Common in males over 60 and can interfere with normal voiding

Answer 19

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

Question 20

Bulging of the bladder into the vagina

Answer 20

Cystocele

Question 21

Specialized tuft of capillaries that are needed for the filtration of fluid as blood passes through the arterioles of the kidneys

Answer 21

Glomerulus

Question 22

Blood in the urine

Answer 22

Hematuria

Question 23

Muscular outer layer of the uterus

Answer 23

Myometrium

Question 24

Condition of developing kidney stones

Answer 24

Nephrolithiasis

Question 25

Inadequate urine output in a 24-hour period; less than 400 ml

Answer 25

Oliguria

Question 26

Bulging of the anterior wall of the rectum into the vagina secondary to weakening of the pelvic supporting structures

Answer 26

Rectocele

Question 27

Coiled tubes found within each lobe of the testes where spermatogenesis takes place

Answer 27

Seminiferous tubules

Question 28

Urinary Frequency

Answer 28

Voiding more than eight times in a 24-hour period

Question 29

Urinary Urgency

Answer 29

Sudden desire to urinate that is stronger than usual and difficult to defer