German Flashcards
(51 cards)
Pronouns
Ich-I
du-You
er/sie/es/man-He/she/it/one
Ihr-you plural
Wir-we
sie/Sie-you plural/ singular formal
Pronoun conjugations-Present regular
Ich -e
Du -st
Er sie es man -t
Wir -en
Ihr -t
sie/Sie -en
Sein - to be conjugations
Ich bin
Du bist
Er Sie Es Man ist
Wir sind
Ihr seid
Sie/sie sind
Definite articles
Der-masculine
Die-feminine
Das-Neuter
Die-plural
Indefinite articles
ein-masculine/neuter
eine-feminine
Note there is no plural indefinite article.
Haben conjugations
Ich habe
Du hast
Er sie es man hat
Wir haben
Ihr habt
sie/Sie haben
Accusative
The accusative case is where an item is the object of a sentence. In german we change the article but only with masculines so der becomes den and ein becomes einen
Possessive words-Your
Dein-masculine Neuter
Deine - feminine plural*
*we shouldn’t use deine but instead keine however it is technically correct
Modal Verbs
Modal verbs in German are special in terms of changing word order. Normally verbs go in the second part of the sentence(see V2) however modal verbs kick the verb to the very back of the clause/sentence
Modal verb Können
Ich kann
du kannst
er sie es man kann
wir Können
ihr Könnt
sie/Sie Können.
Example sentence: Ich kann im Meer schwimmen.
Kein
Kein is a negative that can be used after a word as a kind of not. It also changes based upon the case it is in.
Adverb-gern
This is an adverb to describe how much you like something. To make it not like you add a nicht between the verb and gern
Some irregular words
Most words only differ in their du and er sie es man forms so I will only show them.
Du-fährst liest siehst
er sie es man-fährt liest sieht
V2
In almost all cases (questions being the exception), verbs go in the second part of the sentence. For example Jeden Tag (idea of time) spiele ich Tennis. the spiele (verb) goes at the second part.
Sein(his) ihr(her)
The words Sein and ihr have to match the gender and number. Effectively keep them the same for masculine and neuter whilst adding an e for feminine and plural
Prepositions
Prepositions are words used to talk about the position of an object. They are followed by the dative case.
Dürfen
This is a modal verb and means to be allowed to. The conjugations are as followed.
Ich darf
Du darfst
Er Sie Es Man darf
Wir Dürfen
Ihr Dürft
sie/Sie Dürfen
Dative case
Used when describing where something is.
Der becomes Dem, Ein becomes Einem. Die becomes Der and Eine becomes einem. Das becomes Dem and ein becomes einem. Die(pl) becomes Den.
Preposition examples
In-in(in dem=im) An-Vertically attached to(an dem=am) auf-on(top of) neben-next to unter-under vor-in front of hinter-behind
The past perfect tense
For regular past tense words we first use the form of haben that is needed at the second place. Then we take the root of the word, put it at the end of the clause, add ge- at the start of the word whilst taking the -en off the word and replacing it with -t.
The past perfect tense with movement
Instead of using haben you use the version of sein. Another word that follows this rule is geblieben
Dative pronouns
Ich-mir Du-dir er-ihm sie-ihr es-ihm wir-uns ihr-euch Sie/sie-Ihnen
Seit
Means since or for depending on the context. seit gestern-since yesterday. seit zwei Tagen-for 2 days
Mit + dative
When using mit in dative, words instead end with -n. The main exception are words that are foreign.
