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Pathology > GI Disorders > Flashcards

GI Disorders Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Achalasia

A

incomplete relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter

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2
Q

Primary Achalasia

A

mesenteric ganglia that carry vagal fibers from esophagus are absent

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3
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

herniation of stomach through esophageal hiatus of diaphragm
small are asymptomatic
large need surgery

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4
Q

Treating Hiatal Hernia

A

antacids

surgery

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5
Q

GERD

A

backward movement of stomach contents into esophagus

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6
Q

Parts of Reflux that causes damage to esophagus

A

pepsin

acid

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7
Q

Decreases tone of esophageal sphincter

A

foods
obesity/ pregnancy
hiatal hernia
delayed empyting/ increased volume

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8
Q

Treatment for GERD

A

avoiding positions/ foods that cause it

antacids, proton pump inhibitors

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9
Q

Symptoms of GERD

A

heartburn shortly after eating
relieved by sitting upright
can be confused with angina

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10
Q

Barrett’s Esophagus

A

distal esophageal squamous cells replaced by columnar epithelium containing goblet cells
from chronic GERD
increases chance of adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

from GERD and Barrett

distal 3rd of esophagus

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12
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

top 2/3 of esophagus

from alcohol, tabacco, injury, achalasia

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13
Q

Main complaint of Esophageal Cancer

A

dysphagia

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14
Q

Treating Esophageal Cancer

A

surgery

chemotherapy

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15
Q

Gastritis

A

inflammation of gastric mucosa

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16
Q

Acute Gastritis

A

transient

accompanied by hemorrhage

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17
Q

Aspirin caused Acute Gastritis

A

no symptoms or heartburn

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18
Q

Alcohol caused Acute Gastritis

A

abdominal distress, vomiting, hematemesis

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19
Q

S. aureus caused Acute Gastritis

A

abrupt and violent onset with gastric distress and vomiting

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20
Q

Acute Gastritis w/ Hemorrhage

A

black, tarry stool

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21
Q

Treating Acute Gastritis

A

remove inciting factor

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22
Q

Chronic Gastritis

A

chronic inflammation leading to atrophy and visible erosions

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23
Q

Helicobacter pylori Gastritis

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A

most common cause of chronic gastritis

24
Q

Treating Helicobacter pylori Gastritis

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A

antibiotics w/ proton pump inhibitor

25
Autoimmune Gastritis
associated with T1D | anemia, atrophy leading to adenocarcinoma
26
Peptic Ulcer Disease
involves gastric mucosa and proximal duodenum epigastric discomfort and pain H pylori
27
Zollinger- Ellison Syndrome
irrestectable gastromas in duodenum and pancreas | 2/3 malignant; 1/3 metastasized
28
Curling Ulcers
physiologic stress- burns, trauma, sepsis, severe liver failure, surgical procedures
29
Cushing Ulcers
gastric, duodenal, esophageal ulcers in those with intracranial injury
30
Treating Stomach Cancer
gastrectomey | chemotherapy
31
Trigger for Celiac Disease
Barley Rye Oats Wheat
32
Symptoms of Celiac Disease
diarrhea abdominal pain bloating
33
Causes the pruritic rash in Celiac Disease
herpes
34
Test for Celiac Disease
IgA: anti tTG | biopsy
35
Managing Celiac Disease
gluten free diet | gut heals self
36
Managing Lactose Intolerance
limit amount of milk/ products in diet | use lactase
37
Location of Crohn's Disease
any portion of GI tract
38
Location of Ulcerative Colitis
colon (LI) | rectum
39
Lesions of Crohn's Disease
Skip lesions
40
Lesions of Ulcerative Colitis
continuous inflammation
41
Pain in Crohn's Disease
lower right abdomen
42
Pain in Ulcerative Colitis
lower left abdomen
43
Morphology of Crohn's Disease
thickened- cobblestones and fistulas
44
Morphology of Ulcerative Colitis
thinning- polyps
45
Is bleeding in Crohn's or Ulcerative Colitis?
Ulcerative colitis
46
Initial complaint of IBD
uveitis
47
Irritable Bowl Syndrome Symptoms
pain relief with pooping | change in poop habits or form
48
Cause of IBS
Stress- physical or physiological | processed food
49
Treating IBS
stress management avoid fatty foods increase fiber intake
50
Dicerticulosis
acquired herniations (diverticula) of colon mucosa and submucosa mostly in sigmoid colon asymptomatic
51
Diverticular Disease
diverticula with symptoms
52
Diverticular Disease Symptoms
Abdominal pain in LL quadrant nausea and vomiting tenderness fever
53
Appendicitis Pain
4-6 hours in R lower quadrant | sudden pain relief- appendix rupture
54
Adenocarcinoma Colon
main cancer of GIT | 60-70 yo
55
Protection against Colorectal Cancer
Vit A, C, E
56
Presentation of Colon Cancer
bleeding
57
Treatment of Colon Cancer
surgery

Pathology (22 decks)

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