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gi pharm Flashcards

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1
Q

imagine the curves for insulins

A

rapid acting, regular, nph, determir, glargine

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2
Q

all insulins can be used in?

A

type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes

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3
Q

side effects of insulin

A

hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, rare hypersensitivyt reacitons

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4
Q

insulin rapid actings

A

lispro, aspart, glulisine

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5
Q

which insulins do not have AA modifications?

A

nph and regular insulin, the others all do.

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6
Q

when do you use rapid acting insulin?

A

pre meal

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7
Q

what do you call rapid acting insulin?

A

analogs

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8
Q

what is regular insulin additonally useful for?

A

DKA (IV), and HHS, hyperkalemia (+glucose), stress hyperglycemia

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9
Q

names of long acting

A

detemir, glargine

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10
Q

name the biguanides

A

metformin

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11
Q

metformin never causes

A

hypoglycemia

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12
Q

metformin stimulates

A

AMPK = adenosine monophosphate kinase

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13
Q

metforming advantage

A

modest weight loss, can be used in pts with islet fxn loss (good in advanced type 2)

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14
Q

avoid metformin with?

A

aminoglycosides

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15
Q

metformin mechanisms

A

inhhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis, and the actions of glucagon (remember wants to raise blood sugar)

increase glycoylisis in tissues (use up sugar)

increase peripheral glucose uptake by increasing sensitivity

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16
Q

metformin mechanisms

A

inhhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis, and the actions of glucagon (remember wants to raise blood sugar)

increase glycoylisis in tissues (use up sugar)

increase peripheral glucose uptake by increasing sensitivity

reduces GI absorption

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17
Q

metformin mechanisms

A

inhhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis, and the actions of glucagon (remember wants to raise blood sugar)

increase glycoylisis in tissues (use up sugar)

increase peripheral glucose uptake by increasing sensitivity (insulin falls slightly)

reduces GI absorption

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18
Q

metformin held in?

A

ill and those undergoing radiocontrast

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19
Q

a favorable cardiovascuar effect of metformin

A

decrease triglycerides, and ldl and increase HDL

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20
Q

first gen sulfaonyureas

A

chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide

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21
Q

first gen sulfaonyureas

A

chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide

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22
Q

2nd gen

A

glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

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23
Q

sulfaonyureas also called

A

insuling secragouges

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24
Q

sulfaonyureas CI in

A

hepatic failure

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25
long ancting 2nd gen sulfaonyureas
glimepiride and glyburide (increased risk of hypoglycemia)
26
short acting 2nd gen sulfaonyureas
glipizide (decreased risk of hypoglycemia)
27
sulfaonyureas additional side effect you always foregt
sulfa allergy
28
what is first line therapy in type 2?
metofrmin
29
clinical use sulfaonyureas
stimulates insuling release in type 2 diabetes, so useless in type 1
30
sulfaonyureas mech
works on atp depedent k channels -> closes them -> cell deplorizes -> influx of ca -> insulin release
31
sulfaonyureas side effecsts
risk of hypoglycemia (why prefer metofrming), risk increased in renal failure. 1st gen -> disulfarim like affects and siadh 2nd gen hypoglycemia
32
sulfaonyureas mech of hypoglycemia
decreased glucagon somehow exercise or skip meals
33
what sulfaonyureas to usse in mild to moderate renal failure?
glimeperide, mostly hepatic clearence and has low risk of causing hypoglycemia (think about the renal failue)
34
glitazones/thiazolidinediones
pioglitazone/rosiglitazone -gliazones
35
glitazones/thiazolidinediones use
monotherapy for type 2 or combined with metformin of sufonureas
36
glitazones/thiazolidinediones safe in?
renal failure
37
glitazones/thiazolidinediones side effects
weight gain from edema and adipogenesis edema from fluid retention from renaul tubules edema can cause or exacberate HF CI in heart failure can cause pulmonary edema
38
glitazones/thiazolidinediones bind and then?
ppa-y and then to retinoind x receptor
39
glitazones/thiazolidinediones pharmacokinetics
slow onset because modulates genes
40
meglitinides names
341
41
meglitinides use
341
42
meglitinides mech
341
43
meglitinides affects
341
44
the two classes that are type 2 injectables
glp-1 analogs, amylin analogs
45
glp 1 analogs names
341
46
glp 1 analogs use
341
47
glp 1 analogs mech
341
48
glp 1 analogs affects
341
49
dpp-4 inhibitors names
341
50
dpp-4 inhibitors use
341
51
dpp-4 inhibitors
341
52
dpp-4 inhibitors affects
341
53
amylin analog dosage schdule
meal time i think
54
amyline analog names
341
55
amyline analog use
341
56
amyline analog side effect
341
57
amyline analog mech
341
58
sglt 2 inhibitors names
341
59
sglt 2 inhibitors CI
341
60
sglt 2 inhibitors use
341
61
sglt 2 inhibitors mechanism
341
62
sglt 2 inhibitors side effects
341
63
a glucosidase inhibitors name
341
64
a glucosidase inhibitors use
341
65
a glucosidase inhibitors dosing schedule
341
66
a glucosidase inhibitors action
341
67
a glucosidase inhibitors side effcts
341
68
read about thyroid meds
341
69
levothyroxine and triiodothyronine use
342
70
levothyroxine and triiodothyronine effects
342
71
adh antagonists names
conivaptan, tolvaptan (demeclocycline is one too)
72
adh antagonists uses
SIADH, block at at v2 receptors
73
desmospressin acetate uses
dont forget mild hemophilia A
74
GH
deficiency, turner syndrome
75
oxytocin uses
342
76
somatostatin (ocreotide)
acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, esophageal varices
77
demeclocycline mech
342
78
demeclocycline use
342
79
demeclocycline adverse effects
342
80
fludrocortisone meach
342
81
fludrocortisone use
342
82
fludrocortisone side effects
342
83
cinacalcet mech
342
84
cinacalcet use
342
85
cinacalcet effects
342
86
treating hypoglycemia
342

Pharmacology (33 decks)

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