Glaucoma: IOP and Aqueous Humor Dynamics

Question 0

active secretion, ultrafiltration, diffusion

Answer 0

three processes at work in aqueous humor production

Question 1

Goldmann equation

Answer 1

the equation that relates IOP, episcleral venous pressure, aqueous production, and resistance to aqueous flow

Question 2

carbonic anhydrase type 2

Answer 2

enzyme that plays a role active secretion of aqueous humor

Question 3

2

Answer 3

average rate of aqueous humor production (in microliters per minute)

Question 4

beta-2

Answer 4

most abundant adrenergic receptor in the ciliary epithelium

Question 5

fluorophorometry

Answer 5

most common way to measure aqueous humor production

Question 6

0.25

Answer 6

rough average for facility of aqueous outflow (in micro-L/min/mm Hg)

Question 7

trabecular outflow

Answer 7

route of aqueous outflow that is pressure-dependent

Question 8

uveoscleral outflow

Answer 8

route of aqueous outflow that is pressure-independent

Question 9

endothelium

Answer 9

cells that coat the connective tissue core of the trabecular meshwork in a continuous sheet

Question 10

370 microns

Answer 10

average diameter of Schlemm’s canal

Question 11

giant vacuoles

Answer 11

ultrastructural feature of the inner wall (inner layer of endothelium) of Schlemm’s canal

Question 12

ciliary muscle, supraciliary space, suprachoroidal space, sclera

Answer 12

trace the uveoscleral outflow

Question 13

tonography

Answer 13

method to measure the facility of outflow of the eye that is rarely used clinically, but primarily as a research tool into pharmacokinetics of glaucoma drugs

Question 14

9 mm Hg

Answer 14

average episcleral venous pressure

Question 15

15.5 mm Hg

Answer 15

mean IOP

Question 16

2.6 mm Hg

Answer 16

SD of IOP

Question 17

skewed toward higher IOPs

Answer 17

shape of IOP population curve: skewed toward lower IOPs, skewed toward higher IOPs, gaussian?

Question 18

10 mm Hg

Answer 18

diurnal IOP variation greater than this is associated with glaucoma

Question 19

0.5 mmHg

Answer 19

correction (just an approximation!) for IOP for every 10 microns of CCT away from 520 microns

Question 20

3

Answer 20

relative risk of POAG found in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) of people with CCT < 555 microns versus >588 microns

Question 21

Na-K pump

Answer 21

ultimate molecular target of beta blockers in glaucoma

Question 22

facility of outflow

Answer 22

this variable is thought to be the most important in linking age with glaucoma risk

Question 23

increases

Answer 23

effect of laser trabeculoplasty on number of trabecular cells

Question 24

glomerulus

Answer 24

as a modified blood vessel, what structure of the body does the trabecular meshwork resemble

Question 25

false

Answer 25

TRUE or FALSE: the agents of pressure-dependent and pressure-independent aqueous production are separated in space

Question 26

true

Answer 26

TRUE or FALSE: the agents of pressure-dependent and pressure-independant aqueous absorption are separated in space

Question 27

50%

Answer 27

sensitivity of IOP as a screening tool for glaucoma

Question 28

short duration of action

Answer 28

In addition to side effects, cannabis has been deemed a poor effector of IOP decline due to this quality

Question 29

135 degrees

Answer 29

A patient has +3.00 cyl at 135 degrees, in what direction should the tonometer tip be oriented

Question 30

520 microns

Answer 30

CCT at which Goldmann tonometry is most accurate

Question 31

OHTS

Answer 31

This study identified CCT as a major risk factor for development of glaucoma in ocular hypertensives

Question 32

555, 588

Answer 32

two CCTs of note in OHTS

Question 33

IOP comparison

Answer 33

primary utility of tactile tonometry

Question 34

overestimation

Answer 34

typical error of non contact “puff” tonometers