Glomerular diseases

Question 1

a primary glomerular disease

Answer 1

a kidney disease specifically affecting the glomeruli
eg. minimal change disease

Question 2

a secondary glomerular disease

Answer 2

a disease affecting the glomeruli in the context of a systemic disease e.g lupus nephritis in SLE, diabetic nephropathy

Question 3

nephritic syndrome presentation

Answer 3

proteinuria (<3.5g/day)
heamaturia with acanthocytes
RBC casts in urine
mild to moderate oedema
oliguria
azotaemia
hypertension
sterile pyuria

Question 4

nephrotic syndrome presentation

Answer 4

heavy proteinuria >3.5g/day
hypoalbuminuria
generalised oedema
hyperlipidaemia and fatty casts in urine = frothy urine
hypertension
increased risk of thromboembolism
increased risk of infection

Question 5

pathophys of nephritic syndrome

Answer 5

inflammatory response within glomeruli
GBM disruption
loss of renally excreted RBCs
decreased GFR
haematuria, oliguria, azotemia and increased renin
oedema and hypertension

Question 6

pathophys of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 6

damage to podocytes
structural damage of glomerular filtration barrier
massive renal loss of protein

Question 7

causes of nephritic syndrome

Answer 7

post strep glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy
goodpsture syndrome
alport syndrome
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Question 8

causes of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 8

1. due to primary or secondary podocyte damage
   - minimal change disease
   - focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
   - membranous nephropathy
2. due to secondary podocyte damage
   - diabetic nephropathy
   - amyloidosis
   - lupus nephritis

Question 9

nephritic syndrome min vibes

Answer 9

haematuria
proteinuria <3.5
hypertension

Question 10

nephrotic syndrome main vibes

Answer 10

heavy proteinuria >3.5
hypoalbuminuria (oedema)
hyperlipidaemia (lipiduria, fatty casts)