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Glossary Terms (Part 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Abscess

A

A collection of pus from infection

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2
Q

Acini

A

Another term for the lobules of the breast

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3
Q

What are lobules?

A

Milk producing glands

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4
Q

Acute

A

Occurring suddenly or over a short period of time

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5
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

A form of cancer that involves cells from the lining of the walls of many different organs of the body

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6
Q

Adenosis

A

Proliferation of the terminal duct of the mammary lobule without associated intraductal epithelial proliferation, resulting in enlargement of the lobules up to 3-7mm in size

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7
Q

Adjuvant Treatment

A

Treatment that is added to increase the effectiveness of a primary treatment after surgery to increase the likelihood of killing all cancer cells

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8
Q

What are 3 examples of adjuvant treatment?

A
  1. Chemo
  2. Hormonal therapy
  3. Radiation therapy
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9
Q

Alkylating Agents

A

Type of chemotherapy drug used in cancer treatment

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10
Q

Alopecia

A

Refers to hair loss as a result of chemotherapy or radiation administered to the head

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11
Q

Is hair loss from chemotherapy permanent?

A

No

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12
Q

Is hair loss from radiation permanent?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Amenorrhea

A

The absence or discontinuation of menstrual periods

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14
Q

Analgesic

A

Medicine given to control pain

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14
Q

What are 2 examples of analgesic?

A
  1. Aspirin
  2. Tylenol
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15
Q

Anesthesia

A

Medication that causes entire or partial loss of feeling or sensation

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16
Q

Androgen

A

A male sex hormone

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17
Q

What is androgen used to treat?

A

Patients with breast cancer to treat recurrence of the disease

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18
Q

Aneuploid

A

The characteristic of having either fewer or more than the normal number of chromosomes in a cell
- this is an abnormal cell

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19
Q

Anorexia

A

Severe, uncontrolled loss of appetite

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20
Q

Antiemetric

A

A medicine that prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting
- used during and sometimes after chemotherapy

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21
Q

Antimetabolites

A

Anticancer drugs that interfere with the processes of DNA production, thus preventing cell division

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22
Q

Anti-oncogene

A

Genes that regulate cell growth and replicate to prevent cancer

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23
Q

What is anther term for anti-oncogene?

A

Tumour suppressor gene

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24
ANZBCTG
Australian and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group
25
Australian and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group
It is a trans-Tasman clinical trials group which conducts research on new treatments for breast cancer
26
Areola
The circular field of dark coloured skin surrounding the nipple
27
Aspiration
Removing fluid or cells from tissue by inserting a needle into an area and drawing the fluid into the syringe
28
Asymptomatic
Without obvious signs or symptoms of disease
29
Atypical cells
Not usual/abnormal cells that is a result of atypical cell division resulting in cancer
30
Autogenous (autologous)
Originating or derived from sources within the same individual
31
Axilla
The armpit
32
Axillary Dissection
Surgical of lymph nodes from the armpit
33
Axillary Nodes
The lymph nodes in the axilla that are cut out and examined during surgery to see if the cancer has spread past the breast
34
Benign Tumour
An abnormal growth that is not cancer and does not spread to other parts of the body
35
Bilateral
Pertains to both sides of the body
36
Biological Response Modifier
Treatment used which alters the body’s natural response to stimulate bone marrow to make specific blood cells
37
What is a biological response modifier referred to as?
Colony stimulating factors
38
Biopsy
The surgical removal of a small piece of tissue or a small tumour for microscopic examination to determine if cancer cells are present
39
What is the most important procedure in diagnosing cancer?
Biopsy
40
Biotherapy
Treatments used to stimulate the body's immune system
41
Blood Count
A test to measure the number of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in a blood sample
42
Bone Marrow
The soft, fatty substance filling the cavities of the bone
43
Where are blood cells manufactured?
In the bone marrow
44
How does chemotherapy affect bone marrow result in?
A temporary decrease in the number of cells in the blood
45
Bone Marrow Biopsy and Aspiration
A procedure in which a needle is inserted into the centre of a bone
46
Where does bone marrow biopsy and aspiration typically occur?
The hip
47
Bone Scan
The injection of a trace amount of radioactive substance into the bloodstream to illuminate the bones under a special camera to see if the cancer has spread to the bones
48
Boost
An extra does of radiation given to a smaller area
49
Where is a boost typically inserted?
Site where the tumour was removed
50
BRACA1
Breast cancer gene 1
51
What % of genes are deactivated in BRACA1 breast cancer?
2%
52
BRACA 2
Breast cancer gene 2
53
Breast Cancer
If not removed from the body, a potentially fatal tumour because of its ability to leave the breast and go to other vital organs and continue to grow
54
Breast Conserving Surgery
Surgery where the cancer is removed, together with a margin of normal breast tissue
55
What are 2 other terms for breast conserving surgery?
1. Lumpectomy 2. Partial mastectomy
56
Breast Implant
A round or teardrop shaped sac inserted into the body to restore the shape of the breast
57
What are 2 things implants can be filled with?
1. Saline 2. Silicone
58
Breast Reconstruction
The formation of a breast shape after a total mastectomy
59
Breast Sharing
A method of reconstruction in which some of the opposite breast is used to reconstruct the missing breast
60
Breast Self-Exam
A procedure to examine the breast thoroughly once a month to detect any changes or suspicious lumps
61
When should self breast exams happen? (2)
1. End of the period 2. 7 days after the start of the period - to be performed monthly at the same time
62
Calcifications
Small calcium deposits in breast tissue seen on mammo
63
What is the smallest object detected by mammo?
Calcifications
64
What are the calcification deposits a result of?
Cell death
65
Cancer
A general term used to describe more than 100 different uncontrolled growths of abnormal cells in the body
66
Cancer Cell
A cell that divides and reproduces abnormally with uncontrolled growth
67
CEA
Carcinoembryonic Antigen
68
Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Blood test used to follow women with metastatic breast cancer to help determine if the treatment is working - not a test specific for cancer
69
Carcinogen
Any substance that initiates or promotes the development of cancer
70
What is an example of a proven carcinogen?
Asbestos
71
Carcinoma
A form of cancer that develops in tissue covering or lining organs of the body
72
Where do carcinomas usually arise from in the breast? (2)
Epithelium within the mammary ducts and acini
73
Carcinoma In Situ
An early stage of development, when the cancer is still confined to the tissues of origin
74
Are in situ carcinomas highly curable?
Yes
75

Breast (42 decks)

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