Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Breast > Glossary Terms (Part 2) > Flashcards

Glossary Terms (Part 2) Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Carcinoma NOS

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What % of breast cancers are carcinoma NOS?

A

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cathepsin D

A

A protein secreted by breast cancer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an example of a poor prognosis marker?

A

Cathepsin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cell

A

The basic structural unit of all life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is all living matter composed of?

A

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cellulitis

A

Infection occurring in soft tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why does your arm have increase risk of cellulites after surgery?

A

Because of the removal of lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 3 symptoms of cellulitis?

A
  1. Pain
  2. Swelling
  3. Warmth in the area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Centigray

A

A measure of radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does 1 centigray equal?

A

1 rad (radiation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Treatment of cancer by use of chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chromosome

A

A body in the cell nucleus carrying genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CLE

A

Complete Local Excision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Combination Chemotherapy (combined Modality Treatment)

A

Treatment consisting of the use of two or more chemicals to achieve maximum kill of tumour cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Combined Modality Therapy

A

2 or more types of treatments used to supplement each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are 4 examples of combined modality therapy?

A
  1. Surgery
  2. Radiation
  3. Chemotherapy
  4. Hormonal or immunotherapy
    - may be used alternatively or together for max effectiveness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Comedo Carcinoma In Situ

A

An aggressive type of breast carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the most aggressive form of DCIS?

A

Comedo carcinoma in situ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CBC

A

Complete Blood Count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Complete Blood Count

A

A lab test to determine the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and other components of a blood sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Complete Local Excision

A

The complete removal of a tumour with a surrounding margin of normal breast tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

CT

A

Computerized Tomography Scans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Computerized Tomography Scans

A

Specialized x-ray studies indicate cancer or metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cooper’s Ligaments
Flexible bands of tissue that pass from the chest muscle between the lobes of the breasts
26
What do Cooper ligaments provide?
Provides shape and support to the breast
27
Core Biopsy
Removal of a piece of a lump with a larger needle for further testing
28
Cosmesis
The appearance of the breast following treatment
29
Costal Cartilage
Any of the cartilages that connect the distal ends of the ribs with the sternum
30
What does the elasticity permit with coastal cartilage?
Movement of the chest in respiration
31
Cycle
A course of chemotherapy followed by a period in which the body recovers - chemotherapy is usually administered at regular intervals
32
Cyst
An abnormal saclike structure that contains liquid or semi-solid material
33
Cytology
Study of cells under a microscope that have been sloughed off, cut out or scraped off organs to microscopically examine for signs of cancer
34
Cytotoxic
Drugs that can cause the death of cancer cells
35
What does cytotoxic usually refers to?
Drugs used in chemotherapy treatments
36
Desmoplasia (reactive Fibrosis)
The body’s attempt to “wall off” a cancer, with the formation of fibrous connective tissue in order to limit invasion
37
Desmoplastic reaction
Is a host response often seen adjacent to slow growing, primary breast carcinomas
38
Detection
The discovery of an abnormality in an asymptomatic or symptomatic person
39
Diagnosis
The process of identifying a disease by its characteristic signs, symptoms and lab findings
40
Differentiated
The similarity between a normal cell and the cancer cell - defines what degree of change has occurred
41
Disease Free Survival
The time from the primary treatment of the breast cancer to the first evidence of cancer recurrence
42
DPG
Diaphanography
43
Diaphanography
A non-invasive procedure (no cutting) which uses ordinary light as an investigate tool to detect breast masses
44
Whats another term for diaphanography?
Transillumination
45
Diploid
The characteristic of having 2 sets of chromosomes in a cell - normal for a breast cell
46
DNA
1 of 2 nucleic acids (the other is RNA) found in the nucleus of all cells
47
What does DNA contain?
Genetic info on cell growth, division and cell function
48
Doubling Time
The time required for a cell to double in number
49
How frequent does breast cancer double in size?
Every 23 to 209 days
50
Dry Desquamation
A reaction to radiotherapy involving the shedding of dry skin
51
Ducts
Passages along which milk passes during breastfeeding
52
DCIS
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
53
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
A cancer inside the ducts of breast that has not grown through the wall of the duct into the surrounding tissues
54
How does DCIS spread?
Along the ducts of breast - rather than forming a lump
55
Ductal Papillomas
Small noncancerous flinger-like growths in the mammary ducts that may cause a bloody nipple discharge
56
What age is ductal papillomas most commonly found in?
45-50 years of age
57
Dysplasia
An abnormal growth of cells which look something like cancer cells, but do not have all the features of cancer
58
ECOG
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
59
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
A group of American oncologists which conducts trials on cancer treatments
60
Edema
Excess fluid in the body or a body part that is described as swollen or puffy
61
EGF-R
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
62
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
A protein on some cancer cells
63
What happens to cancers with an increase of EGF-R?
Likely to be aggressive
64
Endocrine Manipulation
Treating breast cancer by changing the hormonal balance of the body to prevent hormone dependent cancer cells from multiplying
65
Epitheliosis
Proliferation of hyperplasia of the epithelial cells within the ducts and lobules
66
ER
Estrogen Receptor
67
Estrogen Receptor
A protein on breast cancer cells that binds estrogens
68
What does estrogen receptor indicate?
That the tumour may respond to hormonal therapies
69
What does it mean for the prognosis if a tumour has plenty of ER?
Have a better prognosis that those which do not
70
erbB-2
A protein similar to EGF-R
71
What does it mean if a tumour has lots of erbB-2?
Its usually aggressive
72
What is another term for erbB-2?
HER2/neu
73
Erythema
Redness of the skin
74
What is the earliest sign of radiation reaction?
Erythema
75
Estrogen
A female hormone secreted by the ovaries which is essential for menstruation, reproduction and the development of secondary sex characteristics
76

Breast (42 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions