Glossary Terms (Part 3)

Question 1

ERA

Answer 1

Estrogen Receptor Assay

Question 2

Estrogen Receptor Assay

Answer 2

A test that is done on cancerous tissue to see if a breast cancer is hormone-dependent and may be treated with hormonal therapy

• test will reveal if your cancer is estrogen receptor positive or negative

Question 3

Excisional Biopsy

Answer 3

Surgical removal of a lump or suspicious tissue by cutting the skin and removing the tissue

Question 4

Familial Cancer

Answer 4

One occurring in families more frequency than would be expected by chance, especially in premenopausal women

• inherited disposition

Question 5

Fat Necrosis Tumour

Answer 5

Destruction of fat cells in the breast due to trauma or injury that can cause a hard noncancerous lump

Question 6

Fibroadenoma

Answer 6

A noncancerous, solid tumour most commonly found in younger women

Question 7

Fibrocystic Breast Changes or Condition

Answer 7

A noncancerous breast condition in which multiple cysts or lumpy areas develop in one or both breasts

Question 8

FNA

Answer 8

Fine Needle Aspiration

Question 9

Fine Needle Aspiration

Answer 9

Procedure to remove cells or fluid from tissues using a needle with an empty syringe

• cells or breast fluid is extracted by pulling back on plunger and then is analyzed by a physician

Question 10

Flow Cytometry

Answer 10

A test done on cancerous tissues that shows the aggressiveness of the tumour

• show how many cells are in the dividing stage at one time (“S” phase)

Question 11

Fraction

Answer 11

The dose delivered each day is known as a fraction
- radiotherapy is usually given over several weeks

Question 12

Free Flap Reconstruction

Answer 12

Breast reconstruction using microsurgery

Question 13

Frozen Section

Answer 13

A technique in which a part of the biopsy tissue is frozen immediately and a thin slice is then mounted on a microscope slide, enabling a pathologist to analyze it in just a few minutes for a diagnosis

Question 14

Frozen Shoulder

Answer 14

Surgical shoulder which has severely restricted range of motion and is painful

Question 15

G-CSF

Answer 15

Granulocyte Cell Stimulating Factor

Question 16

Granulocyte Cell Stimulating Factor

Answer 16

A natural substance which promotes the growth of white cells

• can be used after chemotherapy

Question 17

Gadolinium

Answer 17

A contrast agent used during MRI exam in order to enhance tumours

Question 18

Galactocele

Answer 18

A clogged milk duct

Question 19

When are galactoceles most common?

Answer 19

After childbirth

Question 20

Genes

Answer 20

Located in the nucleus of the cell

• contain hereditary info that is transferred from cell to cell

Question 21

Grade

Answer 21

The degree of similarity of the cancer cells to normals

Question 22

Grade 1

Answer 22

Carcinoma is well differentiated and is associated by a pathologist

Question 23

Grade 2

Answer 23

Carcinoma is moderately differentiated and is associated with an intermediate prognosis

Question 24

Grade 3

Answer 24

Carcinoma is poorly differentiated and is associated with a poor prognosis

Question 25

Granulomatous Mastitis

Answer 25

A form of mastitis caused by the presence of a foreign body in the breast

Question 26

When is granulomatous mastitis commonly seen after?

Answer 26

Following silicone breast implant rupture

Question 27

Gray

Answer 27

The modern unit of radiation dosage

Question 28

What does the dose of gray for breast treatment range from?

Answer 28

45 and 65 Gray

Question 29

Hematoma

Answer 29

A collection of blood that can form in a wound after surgery, an aspiration or from an injury

Question 30

Histology

Answer 30

They study of microscopic anatomy and composition of tissue

Question 31

Heterogenous

Answer 31

Containing internal echoes of dissimilar appearance

Question 32

Homogenous

Answer 32

Having an even distribution of internal echoes with similar amplitude or intensity

Question 33

Hormonal Therapy

Answer 33

Treatment of cancer by alteration of the hormonal balance

Question 34

Hormone

Answer 34

Secreted by various organs in the body, hormones help regulate growth, metabolism and reproduction

Question 35

Hormone Receptor Assay

Answer 35

A diagnostic test to determine whether a breast cancer growth is influenced by hormones or if it can be treated with hormones

Question 36

Hot Flashes

Answer 36

Sensation of heat and flushing that occurs suddenly

Question 37

What can hot flashes be associated with? (2)

Answer 37

1. Menopause 2. Some medications

Question 38

Hyperplasia

Answer 38

An abnormal excessive growth of cells that is benign

Question 39

Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma

Answer 39

Rare form of breast cancer making up < 1% of all breast cancer

Question 40

Immediate Reconstruction

Answer 40

The reconstruction of the breast at the time of the mastectomy

Question 41

Immunosuppressed

Answer 41

Condition of having a lowered resistance to disease

Question 42

Immunology

Answer 42

Study of the body’s mechanisms of resistance against disease or invasion by foreign substances - the ability of the body to fight a disease

Question 43

Immunotherapy

Answer 43

A treatment that stimulates the body’s own defence mechanisms to combat diseases such as cancer

Question 44

What can immunosuppressed be a temporary result of?

Answer 44

Lowered white blood cells from chemotherapy administration

Question 45

Incisional Biopsy

Answer 45

A surgical incision made through the skin to remove a portion of a suspected lump or tissue

Question 60

Lactation

Answer 60

Process of being able to produce milk from the breasts

Question 73

Where are LNs commonly found? (3)

Answer 73

1. Neck 2. Underarm 3. Groin

Question 74

What do LNs do? (2)

Answer 74

1. Produce lymphocytes and monocytes 2. Serve as filters to prevent bacteria from entering the blood stream

Question 75

Where are the major LNs serving the breast located?

Answer 75

In the axilla