Goat Medicine & surgery 1 + 2

Question 1

Name the licensed anthelmintic for goats

Answer 1

Eprinomectin

Question 2

What is a normal range of rectal temps for a goat?

Answer 2

38.7-40.7

Question 3

What is the normal HR range for a goat?

Answer 3

70-120

Question 4

What is the normal RR for goats?

Answer 4

15-30

Question 5

Where are the blood sampling and injection sites in a goat?

Answer 5

• Jugular: straight neck
• Subcut: neck, caudal to elbow, escutcheon
• I/m: quadriceps, neck
• Oral

Question 6

Enterotoxaemia in goats is caused by which agent?

Answer 6

Clostridium perfingens type D

Question 7

What are the per-acute and sub-acute signs of enterotoxaemia in goats?

Answer 7

• Per-acute: rapid death / found dead
• Sub-acute: profuse diarrhoea +/- dysentery

Question 8

How is enterotoxaemia in goats treated?

Answer 8

• Fluid therapy (electrolytes) – IV, can suture or glue in
• NSAID +/- additional analgesia
• ? Charcoal, bismuth
• TLC & nursing: warmth, stimulation

Question 9

How can enterotoxaemia be controlled in goats?

Answer 9

• Rumen / metabolic acidosis (Carbohydrate feeding)
• Sudden diet change (e.g. housing / turnout)
• Stress (bullying, concurrent illness, trauma)
• Vaccination ‘4 in 1’ Lambivac

Question 10

In goats CAE stands for?

Answer 10

Caprine arthritis encephalitis

Question 11

Caprine arthritis encephalitis is associated with what production losses?

Answer 11

Early culling, loss of kids, ↓ milk, ↓ export

Question 12

Why is Caprine arthritis encephalitis difficult to manage?

Answer 12

No treatment, no vaccine

Question 13

Caprine arthritis encephalitis is related to which virus in sheep?

Answer 13

Maedi visna

Question 14

What are the clinical signs of Caprine arthritis encephalitis?

Answer 14

Rare and unspecific
- Arthritis
- Encephalitis (young kids) – neurological signs (fitting, spasm, etc.)
- Mastitis
- Weight loss

Question 15

How can Caprine arthritis encephalitis be controlled?

Answer 15

Interrupt infection spread
- Infected dam -> udder infection -> milk & colostrum
- Test & cull females
- Avoid pooled milk / colostrum NB: colostrum not protective

Question 16

What are the 4 clinical manifestations of listeriosis in goats?

Answer 16

• Encephalitis
• Septicaemia
• Sudden death
• Abortion

Question 17

How is listeriosis diagnosed?

Answer 17

• Clinical signs
• Lab: CSF, serology
• PME

Question 18

How is listeriosis treated?

Answer 18

Aggressive and prompt
- Antibiotics – high dose
- NSAID
- IVFT (alkaline) – animal goes into metabolic acidosis due to salvia loss as they don’t swallow it
- TLC: deep bedding (animals are often recumbent), warmth, quiet & dark (they will be sensitive to light and noise), rumen flora, energy

Question 19

How is listeriosis prevented?

Answer 19

Silage technique
- Blade height
- Good fermentation
- No aerobic spoilage
- Remove left overs

Question 20

List 6 notifiable diseases in goats

Answer 20

• Bluetongue
• Brucella
• Caseous lymphadenitis
• Foot and mouth
• Maedi visna
• Scrapie
• Rabies
• Sheep and goat pox
• Contagious agalactiae

Question 21

Weight loss/poor BCS could be linked to which diseases in goats?

Answer 21

• Endoparasites
• Nutrition (incl. bullying, ‘attractiveness’)
• Dental problem
• CAE
• Johne’s disease
• Scrapie
• Neoplasia
• Lameness
• Bovine Tuberculosis

Question 22

Name 4 causes of respiratory disease in goats

Answer 22

• Pasteurellosis (Mannheimia haemolytica)
• Mycoplasmosis
• Lungworm
• Bovine TB

Question 23

Name some possible causes of anaemia in goats

Answer 23

• Haemolysis or haemorrhage
• Endoparasites
• Lice (sucking)
• Blood parasites e.g. babesia
• Chronic inflammatory disease

Question 24

Goats have their own spp of which parasite so wont be infected by the cow/sheep strains?

Answer 24

Coccidia

Question 25

What are the clinical signs of endoparasite infections in goats

Answer 25

- Weight loss / poor growth, decreased milk yield, anaemia, - Severe D+, dehydration, protein-loss (particularly albumin), death

Question 26

List the following mange mites in order of increasing causes of pruritis and state where they would be found on the body - Sarcoptes - Chorioptes - Psoroptes

Answer 26

- Chorioptes (least) - tail and head - Psoroptes - skin folds - Sarcoptes - head and neck

Question 27

Pygmy goat syndrome is also known as?

Answer 27

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

Question 28

What are the clinical signs of pygmy goat syndrome?

Answer 28

1°/ 2 ° keratinisation disorder - Hair loss & skin flaking/crusting around eyes, lips, ears, chin, ventrally & perineum

Question 29

How is pygmy goat syndrome treated?

Answer 29

Topical steroid +/- AB; antiseptic or Seleen shampoo

Question 30

What may affect udder health in goats?

Answer 30

- Teat biting in adult dairy goats - Udder impetigo (staphylococcal) - Udder enlargement: pseudopregnancy, suspensory ligament fracture

Question 31

Describe the most common form of mastitis seen in goats

Answer 31

Clinical, grade 3 +/- gangrenous

Question 32

Which agent is the most common cause of mastitis in goats?

Answer 32

Staph aureus

Question 33

Why must you take care if a goat has a 'fish-tail' teat?

Answer 33

Not supernumerary - both parts are connected to the teat canal

Question 34

Goats have dystocia for which reason most commonly?

Answer 34

Maldisposition

Question 35

Describe the feature of floppy kid disease

Answer 35

From 3do to 3wo Biggest and healthiest One in the litter affected - No D+ or dehydration - Possible metabolic acidosis?

Question 36

How is floppy kid disease treated?

Answer 36

Bicarbonate, electrolytes, nursing

Question 37

Sticky kid disease is hereditary in which breed?

Answer 37

Golden guernsey

Question 38

Describe sticky kid disease

Answer 38

One of litter Remain damp after birth Much more susceptible to respiratory disease

Question 39

How is sticky kid disease treated?

Answer 39

It isn't Consider euthanasia as you don’t want them in the breeding pool

Question 40

Goats require lower doses of which drugs?

Answer 40

Local anaeststics!

Question 41

Name the 2 drug options for sedating drugs

Answer 41

Xylazine IM or IV +/- Butorphanol IV

Question 42

What are some general considerations of treating goats?

Answer 42

- Consider GA over local - Starvation - Tetanus cover - Antibiosis - NSAIDs - Fly control - Positioning

Question 43

Describe the drugs used to induce a goat for anaesthesia

Answer 43

- Xylazine IV or IM - +/- butorphanol IV - Plus ketamine - Reversal atipamezole

Question 44

How is hypothermia managed in goats?

Answer 44

- Cover - Soak up fluids - Warm lavage fluids - Bair hugger / hot hands / hot water bottle - 5% glucose i/v - Feed post-op

Question 45

Which drugs can be used for analgesia in goats?

Answer 45

- Fentanyl patch - Butorphanol - Buprenorphine - Meloxicam

Question 46

Ringing castration is legal in goats until what age?

Answer 46

7do

Question 47

Castration with anaesthesia and performed by a vet must be done if a goat is over what age?

Answer 47

2 months

Question 48

Temporary castration of a goat can be done using?

Answer 48

An anti-GnRH vaccine

Question 49

Name the 2 nerves blocked when dehorning adult goats

Answer 49

Cornual branch of infratrochlear nerve Cornual branch of lacrimal nerve

Question 50

What are the considerations to be made surrounding dehorning goats?

Answer 50

- 2 nerves to block - GA and local block - thin skull, base of horn is wide - major surgery - indicated if there is a broken horn or if the animal is severely aggressive

Question 51

What are the 2 major risk factors for urolithiasis in goats?

Answer 51

Pet goats: concentrates Poor water quality