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Y4 FA - Small ruminants > Sheep skin diseases > Flashcards

Sheep skin diseases Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What are the main economic and welfare problems associated with skin disease in sheep?

A

Pruritis
Weight loss
Fleece

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2
Q

What factors can help diagnose skin and wool disease?

A
  • time of year
  • part of the body affected
  • how many affected
  • pruritis
  • visible parasites
  • other clinical signs
  • previous treatment tried
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3
Q

Contagious pustular dermatitis is also known as…?

A

Orf

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4
Q

What kind of a virus is orf?

A

Parapox vis - Zoonosis

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5
Q

Describe the lesions seen with orf

A
  • Vesicular / proliferative scabby lesions
  • Mouth/head and teats
  • Lambs but can affect ewes too esp teats
  • Painful
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6
Q

What are the impacts of orf?

A
  • Interferes with sucking / eating
  • Teat lesions – predispose to mastitis
  • Poor growth
  • Death
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7
Q

How does orf spread?

A
  • By contact
  • Damage to skin and mouth allows virus in
  • Virus doesn’t survive overwinter outside
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8
Q

How can orf be controlled?

A
  • Isolate clinical cases
  • Disinfect equipment e.g. feeding bottles
  • Care when oral dosing
  • Thorough cleaning and disinfection of buildings, feed troughs, barriers
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9
Q

Describe the orf vaccine and its use

A
  • Only use in infected farms
  • Live vaccine
  • Apply by scratching the skin in the armpit of lambs
  • Don’t use indoors as it will contaminate housing
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10
Q

Name 3 parasitic mites that infect sheep

A
  • Psoroptes ovis
  • Chorioptes bovis
  • Trombicula
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11
Q

Name a lice that infects sheep

A

Bovicola ovis

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12
Q

Sheep scab is caused by…?

A

Psoroptes ovis

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13
Q

How is sheep scab transmitted?

A

Direct contact sheep or infected scab fomites material on fencepost, vehicles etc
Allergic reaction to the mite - 6-8 weeks post infection

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14
Q

How do sheep with scab present?

A
  • Pruritis
  • Nibbling
  • Kicking, scratching, rubbing
  • Wool loss, ragged fleece, moist yellow appearance
  • On flank, dorsal side or whole sheep
  • Sheep stop eating, weight loss, death
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15
Q

Describe how to diagnose sheep scab

A
  • Choose itchiest sheep with wool loss
  • Exudative lesions
  • Edge of lesion
  • Wool pluck (sealed in bag)
  • Skin Scrape (put in container)
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16
Q

Describe the appearance of psoroptes ovis mites and how you would identify them

A

Pointed mouth parts and bell shaped suckers on segmented pedicles

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17
Q

Which test can be used to diagnose sheep scab in the earlier stages?

A

ELISA
- Detects signs in early stages (within 2 weeks of infection)
- Good sensitivity and specificity

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18
Q

What must be considered when treating sheep scab?

A

Survives off host 17-19 days days so must consider re-infection
Must treat all sheep

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19
Q

What are the treatment options for sheep scab?

A

Dexamethosone (steroid) for severely affected sheep
Organophosphate dip – diazinon
Macrocytic lactones

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20
Q

Describe how to correctly administer organophosphate dips to be effective

A
  • Dip replenishment (manufacturers instructions)
  • 1 minute in dip
  • DO NOT USE SHOWERS
  • Do not use synthetic pyrethroid dips
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21
Q

Name 3 examples of macrocytic lactones that can be used for sheep scab treatment

A

Ivermectin
Doramectin
Moxidectin

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22
Q

Which macrocytic lactone cannot be administered with footvac?

A

Moxidectin 1%

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23
Q

How can sheep scab be prevented?

A
  • Biosecurity – don’t buy in
  • Observation not enough (7-8 weeks to see clinical signs)
  • Treat all bought in sheep, sheep grazing away
  • Double fence neighbouring stock
  • Cleansing Disinfection vehicles and equipment, esp. shearers scanners
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24
Q

What are some of the main problems associated with scab management on farms?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Diagnosis
  • Incorrect products
  • Under dosing because of weight, guns etc…
  • Injection technique
  • Mark when injected
  • Poor dipping technique
  • Re-infection from neighbour, bought in etc.
  • Anthelmintic resistance
25
Is Bovicola ovis a chewing or sucking louse?
Chewing
26
Describe the features of a Bovicola ovis infection
- Small pale red brown - Permanent parasites - Highly host specific - Spread via direct contact - Chew at skin and coat broad heads feed on skin debris and wool - Like a warm, dark environment
27
Which 2 factors reduce the risk of Bovicola ovis?
Shearing Rainfall
28
How can Bovicola ovis be diagnosed?
Part fleece on back and flanks hind limbs several wool partings and look for clumps red brown lice 2-3 mm long so visible
29
How can outdoor sheep be treated for Bovicola ovis?
Shearing Heavy Rainfall Treat worst affected
30
How can indoor sheep be treated for Bovicola ovis?
* Synthetic Pyrethroid Pour ons * Concern for resistance * Plunge dip diazinon OP dip
31
At what time of year does fly strike most commonly occur?
May to October
32
What is the cause of fly strike?
Lucillia sericata
33
Describe how infection with Lucillia sericata leads to fly strike?
- Lays eggs in fleece - Larva hatch about 12 hours later - Proteolytic enzymes - Mouth hooks - Damage skin - Attract other flies
34
What are the main sites affected in fly stike?
* Breech – affected around bum end * Body * Wounds * Feet (foot lesions)
35
How may sheep affected with fly strike appear in the herd?
- Separate - Depressed - Toxaemia - Dead
36
List the risk factors for fly strike
- Temperature: egg laying requires a temp of at least 10 degrees - Humidity - Rainfall - Fleece length - Faecal soiling - Time of year
37
How is flystrike treated?
Synthetic Pyrethroid pour on – kills maggots Deltamethrin – kills maggots Clean wound Supportive care - antibiotics, NSIADs, fluids, house
38
How can fly strike be controlled?
- Control risk factors - Worm control - Tail docking - Shearing - Prophylactic use of Insectsides
39
Name the head fly of sheep
Hydrotea irritans
40
Peri-orbital eczema is caused by which bacteria?
Staphylococcus aureus
41
'Lumpy wool' is caused by which bacterial infection?
Dermatophilus congolensi
42
How does lumpy wool present?
- Associated with wet conditions esp after shearing - Thin wooled breeds - Crusty lesions with wool loss - Pruritic - Confuse sheep scab - Risk for fly strike
43
Caseous lymphadenitis is becoming an increasing problem in which group of sheep?
Terminal sires
44
What is the name of the bacteria that cause caseous lymphadenitis?
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
45
Where in the body is affected by caseous lymphadenitis?
- Affects external & internal lymph nodes - Especially parotid LN - Abscesses
46
How is caseous lymphadenitis treated?
- Antibiotic cannot penetrate - So no effective treatment
47
How is caseous lymphadenitis spread?
- Close contact - Fomites: shearing - Respiratory spread (mediastinal LN abscess ruptures into airway)
48
How can CLA be controlled?
- ELISA & clinical examination before ram purchase: identify low risk animals - Test and Cull affected animals - Vaccine available Reduce incidence but not prevent all infections - Biosecurity - Hygiene of shearers, mobile dippers, mobile handling
49
Name two diseases/conditions that can cause abnormal wool fibres
Border disease Copper deficiency
50
Name 2 tick species found in the UK
Ixodes ricinus Dermacentaur reticulata
51
What is the main impact of ticks?
They are vectors for diseases
52
Name the agent that causes tick borne fever
Anaplasma phagocytophilia
53
What are the effects of tick-borne fever?
Profound Immuno-suppression * Gateway infection * Fever * Rams in autumn- spermatogenesis infertility * Ewes in autumn abortion
54
Which agent causes tick pyaemia?
Staphylococcus aureus
55
What are the effects of tick pyaemia?
Affects lambs Polyarthritis/joint ill Immunosuppression
56
Name a viral infection that is transmitted by ticks and is zoonotic
Louping ill
57
What are the effects of Louping ill virus?
Neurological - Non suppurative menigoencephomyelitis alitis Varying severity inco-ordination to seizures death
58
How is Louping ill controlled?
Vaccine Tick control Grazing management
59
Describe the acaricide drugs that can be used to control tick borne infections
Diazinon OP plunge dip * 3-6 weeks protection Synthetic pyrethroids pour ons * Varying protections 6- 12 weeks protection

Y4 FA - Small ruminants (18 decks)

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