Gould (Yerkes)

Question 1

what does psychometric tests mean

Answer 1

tools that seek to provide numerical measures of human personality, traits and abilities

Question 2

what does eugenics mean

Answer 2

belief of it being possible to breed a superior group of people by encouraging those who are deemed superior to reproduce

Question 3

what does hereditarianism mean

Answer 3

genetic inheritance is more important than environmental factors in determining intelligence

Question 4

what was the binet-simon test 1905

Answer 4

first intellignece test designed to identifty school children who would not benefit from regular schooling bc of their inferior intelligence and should be placed into special schools

Question 5

what was the key debate at this time

Answer 5

whether intelligence was inherited of if it could be learned

Question 6

whats the hereditarism argument

Answer 6

intelligence is determined by our genetics and wouldnt be affected by nurture

Question 7

yerks overall aims

Answer 7

produce a reliable and valid measure of intelligence
prove psychology could be as objective and quantifiable as other scientific dispilines

Question 8

what research method was used

Answer 8

self report- recruits answered questions during intellignece tests to get average mental age

Question 9

what experimental design was used

Answer 9

quasi experiment- the IV is ethinic origin and the DV is intelligence/ average mental age

Question 10

what was yerkes sample

Answer 10

1.75 million men within the US military
white americans, negroes, european immigrants
all varied education levels

Question 11

what was yerkes sampling method

Answer 11

obtained by using those present at the camps visited by researchers

Question 12

what was the army alpha test?

Answer 12

written exam for literate recruits

Question 13

how many parts of the army alpha test were there

Answer 13

8

Question 14

how much time did the ppts have to complete the army alpha test

Answer 14

2 minutes, 10 seconds to complete x20

Question 15

what questions did the army alpha test include

Answer 15

crisco is a: patient medicine, disinfectant, toothpaste or food product
christy mathewson is a famous: writer, artist, baseball player or comedian

Question 16

what types of questions were involved in the army alpha test

Answer 16

number sequences, unscrambling sentences and analogies

Question 17

what was the army beta test

Answer 17

series of tsts designed for illiterate recruits and those that failed the alpha test

Question 18

what type of things were involved in the beta test

Answer 18

maze runnening, cube counting, translating numbers to symbols, picture completion

Question 19

how many parts of the beta test had to be given in writing

Answer 19

3 of 7 parts

Question 20

whats the indivual exam

Answer 20

spoken exam for those who failed beta, rarely done

Question 21

what were the 3 findings from yerkes mental tests

Answer 21

1. average mental age of a white american (13) was just above that of a moran
2. darker people of southern europe and the slavs were less intelligent than fair people
3. black recuits scored lowest, some caps split them based on intensity of colour (lightest won)

Question 22

what was the mental age of russians

Answer 22

11.34

Question 23

mental age of poles?

Answer 23

10.74

Question 24

mental age of white americans

Answer 24

13

Question 25

average mental age of black people?

Answer 25

10.41

Question 26

how were the mental ages explained at the time

Answer 26

used to provide a genetic explanation for the differences of intelligence

Question 27

whats a review study

Answer 27

a process of subjecting an authors scholary work, research or ideas to the scuitany of thers who are experts in the same field

Question 28

strengths of review studies

Answer 28

able to reassess research, it offers a fresh perspective on what was found originally

Question 29

weaknesses of review studies

Answer 29

could be biased may miss important data or the data being analysed may not be accurate in the first place

Question 30

yerkes tests were measuring what

Answer 30

native intellectual ability (makes it culterally biased)

Question 31

what was the problem in army alpha tests

Answer 31

critera to sit the test were lowered but not consistently across camps

Question 32

problem with beta test?

Answer 32

required pencil work on 3/7 parts many men hadnt held a pencil before and didnt have knowledge of reading/numbers/writing

Question 33

problems with the conditions?

Answer 33

extremely chaotic, pictures used in the beta test wre culterally specfiic

Question 34

problems in the spoken exam?

Answer 34

only 1/5 of those who failed beta were allowed to take it

Question 35

problems with skills?

Answer 35

black recruits were most likely to be taking the wrong test they often couldnt read or use a pencil due to demand they had to take whatever test

Question 36

how were the questions framed?

Answer 36

white americans did best

Question 37

how did yerkes study help inform politcal policies?

Answer 37

used as evidence to restrict immigration The Immigration Restriction Act 1924

Question 38

long term affects of this study?

Answer 38

6 million ppl from southern/eastern europe tried to enter USA between 1924-1939 but were denied

Question 39

examples of yerkes quantitiative data?

Answer 39

number of correct answers in the tests and then a grade was given by the army psycholgoists created an average mental age

Question 40

qualitative data examples?

Answer 40

'yerkes had overlooked or consciously bypassed something of importance' -recuits relying on pencil work the ppts were 'utterly confused or scared shitless' struggled to see how 'recruits couldve been in a frame of mind to record anything about their innate abiltiies'

Question 41

what did gould conclude about yerkes study (2 things)

Answer 41

1. systematic errors in the design of the tests and how they were administered 2. intelligence testing of this kind is culterally biased and interpreted incorrectly (racial discrimination)

Question 42

how is yerks study ethnocentric

Answer 42

tests assumed knowledge of american culture

Question 43

how is yerkes study critised in terms of ethics

Answer 43

harm- stress of conditions consent- none recieved confidentially- recuits had to add their name, age and education level on the tests right to withdraw- faced punishments if they didnt finish debrief- no time, chaotic deception- didnt know how the recuits were being used

Question 44

wjat study does this link to

Answer 44

hancock