Milgram

Question 1

what study does this link to?

Answer 1

bocchiaro

Question 2

whats the aim of milgrams study

Answer 2

investigate the process of obdeidance by testing how americans would go in obeying an authoritive figure

Question 3

what was the sample

Answer 3

40 males between the ages of 20-50
from new haven

Question 4

how was the sample obtained

Answer 4

CONTROLLED OBSERVATION
through a newspaper
direct mailing advetrtisememt

Question 5

background?

Answer 5

millions of people killed in nazi germany
‘final solution’
5-6 million died
milgram wanted to investigate if ordinary individuals would obey unjust orders, even when those orders involved inflicting pain on another person.

Question 6

why is it a controlled observation

Answer 6

no IV so isnt an experiment
they just observed peoples behaviour

Question 7

how much were ppts paid to take part

Answer 7

4.50

Question 8

the teacher and learner were taken to an adjacent room, who was in the electric chair

Answer 8

learner

Question 9

where was the electrode placed

Answer 9

around ppts wrist (they were told it was connected to an electric shock generator)

Question 10

what did the teacher read out

Answer 10

series of words and then read the first word of each pair with 4 other terms
learner had to indicate which 4 terms had been paired with first word

Question 11

how many switches did the electric shock genertator consist of

Answer 11

30

Question 12

what were the labels on the switches

Answer 12

slight, moderate, strong, very strong, intense, extremely, danger shock

Question 13

each ppt got a sample shock of 45 volts

Question 14

teacher had to administer shock to learner when what

Answer 14

they got answer wrong

Question 15

after the 300v shock what did the learner do

Answer 15

kicked wall

Question 16

after 315v what did the learner do

Answer 16

kicked wal and no feedback

Question 17

experimenter said
whether the learner likes it or not… you must

Answer 17

go on until he has learned the word pairs

Question 18

quantitative findings?

Answer 18

65% went to 450V
EVERYONE went to 300v

Question 19

how many ppl were disobediant and went to 300v

Answer 19

14

Question 20

how many people obeyed orders and continued to 450V

Answer 20

26

Question 21

what did ppts do to show extreme tension

Answer 21

sweat, tremble, groan, bite lip, stutter
dig finger nails in their flesh

Question 22

two quotes ppts said:

Answer 22

‘i dont think this is very humerous’
‘ill hurt his heart, you take your money’

Question 23

name 2 conclusions of milgrams study

Answer 23

most ppl capable of harming others if told to by a percieved authroitive figure
situation that produces strong tendancies to obey

Question 24

why was their high levels of obediance

Answer 24

-paid 4.50 (obliged to continue)
-prestigious university
-proximity to experimenter
-learner volunteered to join
-lack of calirty, overtsepping limits

Question 25

why was their high lvls of tension

Answer 25

ppts in a position of power where they had to decide between doing what the experimenter had told them whilst wanting not to harm learer

Question 26

what were the 4 prods by the experimenter

Answer 26

1. please continue 2. experiment requires you continue 3. absolutely essential that you contiinue 4. you have no other choice, you must go on

Question 27

strengths of study?

Answer 27

age range controlled took place at yale (unimpeachable) -worthy purpose

Question 28

weaknesses of study?

Answer 28

only one gender (ethnocetric) compliant bc it was volunteered lacks ecological validty people emotionally harmed deception

Question 29

What was the special prod used if the subject asked if they were liable?

Answer 29

Although the shock is painful, there is no permanent tissue damage, so please go on.

Question 30

What ethical guidelines were broken?

Answer 30

1. Competence: Milgram should have stopped the procedure before all 40 participants had completed the experiment. 2. Protection from psychological harm: participants were distressed/felt guilty. 3. Protection from physical harm: some participants harmed e.g. seizures/biting lips.

Question 31

what ethical guildines were upheld

Answer 31

1. Competence: being sufficiently experienced/qualified to take appropriate steps to ensure participants' health. 2. Confidentiality: no participant was named. 3. Protection from psychological harm: participants met learner so knew he was unharmed/followed up.

Question 32

How do the findings support the situational explanation for behavior?

Answer 32

Participants'/peoples' behaviour is explained due to the environment the person is in and how this is effecting them.

Question 33

Reasons for ethnocentric bias.

Answer 33

Specific attempt to investigate 'Germans are different' hypothesis so needed to use typical Americans. No specific data on ethnic groups which is a problem - precisely because trying to investigate racially-based hypothesis Specially as all from local area Track progress

Question 34

What makes the ecological validity low?

Answer 34

All features of the study are unrealistic although the participant does believe in the situation, e.g. giving shocks as a punishment, learning word pairs, being prodded by an experimenter, etc.