Moray Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is the background to Morays study?
Cherry (1953) was interested in how people put up an inattentional barrier at a party with multiple people having conversations. This is where you only listen to a convo your participating in and not the ones around you
What is the cocktail party effect?
Your attention is pulled away by the sound of your name
What is dichotic listening?
Headphones worn by a participant and a different message is played in each ear
What is shadowing?
You are told to focus on a passage of text and have to read it out loud as you hear it
What is affective instructions?
A person is being asked to do something proceeded by their name being said
What is non affective instructions?
A person is asked to do something but their name isnt used
What is the overall aim of Moray’s study?
To test Cherry’s findings on the inattentional barrier more thoroughly
What is the apparatus used?
Headphones
Tape recorder
Bieneil mark IV sterophonic
In experiment 1 what was the sample used?
Undergraduate students
Male and female
Oxford university
What is the procedure for experiment 1?
- Ppts had to shadow a peice of prose that they could hear in one ear. This is the attended message because ppts were focusing on it
- In the other ear (message they werent paying attention to) a list of words were repeated 35 times. This is the rejected message
- At the end, they completed a recognition task which the had to indicate what they recognised from the list of words (21)
What was the results of experiment 1?
7 words from the shadowed passage= 4.9 mean number of recognised words
7 words from rejected passage= 1.9 mean number of recognised words
7 similar words that didnt appear= 2.6 mean number od recognised words
What is the conclusion of experiment 1?
Ppts were more able to recognise words from the shadowed passage
Almost none of the words from the rejcted passafe are able to break the inattentional barrier
What is the aim of experiment 2?
If an affective cue (names) would break the inattentional barrier
What was the sample in experiment 2?
Male and female
Oxford university
12 undergrad students
What was the IV in experiment 2?
Whether an instruction within a rejected passage was preceeded by the ppts name (affective) or was not proceeded by the ppts name (non affective)
What was the DV in experiment 2?
Whether ppts were more likely to hear an instruction in a messafe they’re not paying attention to if it preceded by their name
Operationalised by whether they reported hearing the instruction or whether they followed the instruction
What was the procedure of experiment 2?
Ppts listened to two different passages at the same time
- Two passages of light fiction
- 6 passages that the ppt heard contained an instruction at the start and then another instruction within them
- Both passages read in a monotone pace, 130 words per miniute (male voice)
What did each ppt do in experiment 2?
-They shadowed 10 passages of light fiction
-They all experienced the same passages in the same order (repeated measures)
-Told the aim was to make as few errors as possible
What were the results of experiment 2?
Instruction preseneted in rejected passage= 39 affective instructions, 36 non affective
Instructions in rejected was heard= 20 affective, 4 non affective
What were conclusions of experiment 2?
Affective messages can break the inattentional barrier. Backs up work by cherry
In which passages were ppts given a warning at the start to expect instructions to change ears?
Passages 8 and 10
What was the effect of being given a warning?
Slight increase in how many times the rejected message was heard
How did experiment 2 lead to experiment 3?
Moray was interested whether pre warning could help break the inattentional barrier
What was the aim of experiment 3?
If the pre warning would help neutral material break the inattentional barrier
