simons and chabris Flashcards
(23 cards)
define inattentional blindness
when people fail to see something because they are paying attention to something else (even when it is in their field of vision)
who had this study originally been created by
Neisser
in neisser’s study how many ppts failed to see the woman carrying the umbrella
22 out of 28
what were the two aims of S+C’s study
-investigate whether the results from neissers research were affected by the way he had made the video
-investigate the effect of other factors (nature of unexpected event, difficulty etc)
sample?
228 ppts from harvard uni
data collected from 192
how many ppts per condition
12
what were the 4 independent variables
-video is either opaque or transparent
-unexpected event (woman and umbrella or gorilla)
-ppts told to count basktball passes of either team wearing black or team wearing white
-easy task (count no. of passes) or hard task (count no. of aeriel passes and no. of bounces made by their team)
results?
ppts noticed unexpected event 54% of the time
ppts failed to see it 46% of the time
what were the percentages of ppts noticing unexpected event in opaque and transparent
42% noticed in transparent
67% noticed in unexpected
was the woman with umbrella noticed more than the gorilla?
yes 65% for umbrella
44% for gorilla
why did ppts notice umbrella woman more than gorilla
umbrella woman closely related to the attended task in that in a basketball match we expect to see a woman not gorilla
was gorilla seen more in black or white condition?
black 58%
white 27%
ppts saw unexpcted event more in easy or hard task
64% saw unexpcted event in easy condition
45% in hard
sample size external reliability
enables researchers to establish a trend in their findings, unaffected by ‘fluke’ results
number in each condition (12) isnt enough
pop validity?
highly controlled lab experiment standardised
used students so may not possible to generalisze the conclusion to a broader pop
usefullness debate?
drivers may fail to notice critical hazards due to cognitive and visual distractions
holism debate?
looks at how different factors influence cognitive ability
focusing on one task leads to obvious yet unexpcted events
determisim debate?
cognitive processes have an inlfuence over our behaviour are an influence over which we have no concious control suggesting that this isnt freely chosen behaviour
experimental design?
independent as each ppt asigned to one condition
what attention was being studied
visual attention
is this a lab experi?
yes
what other study does s+c link to?
MORAY
2 similarties between moray and simons and chabris
both used students
both used lab experiments
