gram - rods respiratory tract

Question 1

4 gram - rods in resp tract

Answer 1

haemophilus influenzae
bordetella pertussis
legionella pneumophilia
acinetobacter baumannii

Question 2

gram - rods in resp tract in humans only

Answer 2

haemophilus influenzae

bordetella pertussis

Question 3

gram - rods in resp tract in environmental water sources

Answer 3

legionella pneumophilia
acinetobacter baumannii (also in skin and URT)

Question 4

before 1990 ____ was responsible for most cases of bacterial meningitis but now we have a conjugate vaccine

Answer 4

HiB

Question 5

Haemophilus causes these diseases

Answer 5

URI in kids- otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, epiglottitis
pneumonia in adults

Question 6

Haemophilus properties

Answer 6

pleiomorphic gram - rod (coccobacilli)
polysaccharide capsule
make IgA protease
endotoxin; NO exotoxin
grows on chocolate agar
quellung rxn

Question 7

transmission Haemophilus

Answer 7

inhaled droplets enter resp tract but colonizers can be asymptomatic

Question 8

when do most infections occur in Haemophilus

Answer 8

6 mo to 1 yr

Question 9

Haemophilus influenzae meningitis or other systemic infection trmt

Answer 9

urgent ceftriaxone so you dont get neuro consequences

untreated leads to death

Question 10

Haemophilus influenzae URI trmt

Answer 10

amoxicillin clavulanate or trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole

Question 11

HiB prevention?

Answer 11

yes, vaccine is out

meningitis prevention with rifampin if pts were in close contact with someone with HiB

Question 12

b pertussis causes what disease

Answer 12

whooping cough

Question 13

b pertussis properties

Answer 13

coccobacillus encapsulated gram - rod

Question 14

b pertussis transmission

Answer 14

airborne
VERY contagious
no seasonal pattern

Question 15

where does b pertussis infect in the body

Answer 15

only bronchotracheal tree

Question 16

how does b pertussis attach to the cilia of resp epithelium

Answer 16

pili, filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin

Question 17

b pertussis toxins

Answer 17

pertussis toxin (PT) and adenylate cyclase (AC) and tracheal cytotoxin (TCT)

Question 18

what causes systemic mainfestations of b pertussis

Answer 18

PT

Question 19

systemic manifestations of b pertussis

Answer 19

lymphocytosis, histamine sensitization, insulin secretion

Question 20

immunization if infected with b pertussis

Answer 20

IgG Ab made but dont last long… secondary attacks are mild tho

Question 21

3 stages pertussis

Answer 21

catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescence

Question 22

primary feature in catarrhal phase

other sx

Answer 22

profuse and mucoid rhinorrhea

malaise, fever, sneezing, anorexia

Question 23

most communicable at this stage

Answer 23

catarrhal

Question 24

coughing phase, intermittent and sudden bursts
vomiting may occur after
barely able to breath
apnea may occur in infants

Answer 24

paroxysmal

Question 25

recovery and improvement of sx phase

Answer 25

convalescence

Question 26

DOC atb are given in pertussis

Answer 26

azithromycin

Question 27

disease that L pneumophilia causes

Answer 27

pneumonia

Question 28

90% of pneumonia from legionellae is from

Answer 28

L pneumophilia

Question 29

legionnaires disease is what disease

Answer 29

pneumonia

Question 30

legionella properties

Answer 30

gram - rods sputum gram stains show many neutrophils but no bacteria lung biopsy does not stain by hematoxyl and eosin (H and E) procedure finish