medically imp bact part 2 Flashcards
1
Q
what disease does sprep pneumoniae cause
A
pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, URT infections (otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis)
2
Q
s pneumoniae characteristics
A
gram +, diplococci, a hemolytic, lysed by bile and deoxychocolate, growth impaired by optochin
3
Q
how many serotypes of s pneumoniae are there
A
91
4
Q
staph and strep are motile/nonmotile and do/dont form spores
A
nonmotile, dont
5
Q
do staph make catalase?
A
yes
6
Q
do strep make catalase?
A
no
7
Q
2 most imp human pathogens
A
staph aureus and strep pyogenes
8
Q
MC and cause the most infectious disease
organisn?
A
s aureus
9
Q
does staoh aureus secrete catalase
A
yes
10
Q
does staoh epidermidis and saprophyticus secrete catalase
A
yes
11
Q
protein A?
A
prevent opsonization and enhance phagocytosis
12
Q
teichoid acids?
A
mediate adherence
13
Q
lipotechoic acids
A
induce IL1 and TNF by macrophages
14
Q
11 serotypes 5 and 8 are the MC
A
polysaccharide capsules
15
Q
s aureus ferments mannitol?
A
yes
16
Q
hemolyzes RBC?
A
s aureus
17
Q
s aureus make catalase?
A
yes
18
Q
what does catalase do?
A
degrades H2O2 into O2+H20
19
Q
s aureus make coagulase?
A
yes
20
Q
what is coagulase?
A
causes plasma to clot by activating prothrombin to form thrombin. thrombin then catalyzes activation of fibrinogen to form fibrin clot
21
Q
provides hiding place for bacteria
A
coagulase
22
Q
s aureus staphyloxanthin producer?
A
yes
23
Q
what is staphyloxanthin ?
A
carotenoid pigment; characteristic gold color
24
Q
what does staphyloxanthin do?
A
enhance pathogenicity, inactivates microbicidal effect of superoxides and other ROS with neutrophils
25
does s aureus make beta lactamase?
yes
26
what does beta lactamase do
degrade beta lactam ATB
27
what are beta lactam ATB?
drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis
1. drug binds to PBP
2. inhibit cross linking so cell wall synthesis can occur
3. enzymes cause bacterial cell wall to lysis
28
drugs resistant to beta lactamase
methicillin and nafcillin
29
drugs that inhibit beta lactamase
clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam
30
key determinant for MRSA
PBP2a
31
MCC skin abscesses in the US
MRSA
32
what causes pneumonia, NF, and sepsis
MRSA
33
MCC of infections in IV drug users
MRSA
34
where does s aureus colonize
nasal cavity, skin, vagina, formites
35
immune compromise, red humoral immunity, neutrophil deficiency, DM, IV drug use, FB
risk factors for s aureus
36
2 disease mechanisms for s aureus
toxin production and pyogenic inflammation
37
typical lesion of s aureus
abscess: central necrosis and pus
38
heat resistant, resistant to low pH, resistant to GI enzymes, acts as superantigen
enterotoxin
39
serotonin secretion by enterochromaffin cellsstimulates enteric NS to activate ______
vomiting center
40
causes of TSST?
tampon, nasal packing, contraceptive devices, post op wound infections
41
blood cultures neg for s aureus
tsst
42
tsst acts as a _____
superantigen
43
exfoliatin toxin
protease that cleaves desmoglein causing desquamation and scalded skin syndrome
44
exfoliatin A and B
causes bollous impetigo
45
pore forming toxin and important virulence factor with CA MRSA
P-V leucocidin
46
MCC of skin and soft tissue infection
ca mrsa
47
septicemia
s aureus bacteremia gets in the blood and causes metastatic abscesses
48
can we use a vaccine with s aureus?
no; wash hands, clean, aseptic management, persistent colonization
remove shedders from high risk areas like ORs and newborn nurseries
49
do s epidermidis and staphylococcus saprophyticus make catalase?
yes
50
do s epidermidis and staphylococcus saprophyticus make coagulase
no
51
do s epidermidis and staphylococcus saprophyticus make staphyloxanthan
no
52
do s epidermidis and staphylococcus saprophyticus have protein A
no
53
do s epidermidis and staphylococcus saprophyticus ferment mannitol
no
54
s epidermidis and staphylococcus saprophyticus are ____ hemolytic
gamma
55
where is s epidermidis located
human skin
56
enters blood from catheters and prosthetics
s epidermidis
57
can cause peritonitis in renal failure
s epidermidis
58
MC organism causing CSF shunt infections
s epidermidis
59
can causes sepsis in neonate
s epidermidis
60
highly ATB resistant
s epidermidis
61
vaccine for s epidermidis
no
62
hospital acquired
s epidermidis
63
where is s saprophyticus located
mucosa of genital tract in young women
64
s saprophyticus trmt?
atb
65
CA
s saprophyticus
66
s epidermidis is _____ to novobiocin
sensitive
67
s saprophyticus is ____ to novobiocin
resistant
68
strep is catalase _____
-
69
2 important antigens of beta hemolytic strep
C carbohydrate and M protein
70
most imp virulence factor of s pyogenes
M protein
71
what eos M protein do in streptococci
blocks phagocytosis and inactibates C3b
72
over 100 serotypes
M protein
73
group A beta hemolytic strep has _____ in its cell wall
s pyogenes
74
group B beta hemolytic strep has _____ in its cell wall
s galactiae
75
group D beta hemolytic strep has _____ in its cell wall
enterococci
76
MC bacteria cause of pharyngitis
GAS
77
what does bacitracin do to GAS
inhibits growth
78
s pyogenes is found on________
skin and oropharynx
79
how does GAS cause disease
pyogenic inflammation, exotoxin production, autoimmune inflammation
80
hyaluronidase aka spreading factor
degreades hyaluronic acid and breaks down CT
81
facilitates rapid spread of s pyogenes in skin infections
hyaluronidase
82
streptokinase is aka
fibrinolysin
83
streptokinase?
dissolves fibrin in clots
84
DNAse?
hydrolyzes DNA in exudates or necrotic tissue
85
IgG degrading enzyme
cleaves IgG heavy chains and prevents opsonization and complement activation
86
toxin in GAS?
erythrogenic or pyogenic toxins
87
sandpaper or strawberry tongue assoc with scarlet fever
GAS
88
antistreptolysin O autoantibody aids in dx of
GAS
89
flesh eating bacteria is from
exotoxin b
90
GAS pyogenic diseases
pharyngitis, cellulitis, nonbollous empetigo
91
GAS toxigenicdiseases
scarlet fever and TTS
92
GAS immunologic diseases
RF and acute GN
93
where does GBS colonize
genital tract on women
94
GBS is bacitracin
resistant
95
can GBC hydrolyze hippurate
yes
96
this can cause neonatal menintis and sepsis and pneumonia
GBS
97
this can cause rupture of the membranes in neonates
group b strep
98
most group D strep are ____ hemolytic
alpha
99
tell me about enterococci (e faecalis and enterococcus faecium)
in colon, grow in hypertonic saline and bile, not sensitive to PCN G, combination ATB needed, vancomycin used
100
vancomycin can lead to
VRE- life threatening
101
enterococci and nonenterococci are a part of group ___ strep
D
102
what types of disases can group D strep cause
uti and endocarditis
103
s bovis causes ____ and is associated with ____
endocarditis and colonic carcinoma
104
2 types of nonbeta hemolytic strep
s pneumoniae and viridans
105
how are the 2 types of non beta hemolytic strep distinguished
bile and optochin
106
are strep viridans bile soluble? pneumococci?
viridans- not
| pneumococci- are
107
are strep viridans inhibited by optochin? pneumococci?
viridans- not
| pneumococci- are
108
what are dental caries
plaque with high levels of s mutans
109
what do s mutans do
enters dentine/pulp and make acid that destroy tooth enamel
110
what can untreated dental carries cause
tooth loss and abscesses
111
MC preventable chronic disaes in children 6-11 and adolescents 12-19
dental carries
112
leading cause of tooth loss in kids under 12
dental carries
113
tooth decay is ___ times MC than asthma
4
