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host immune response Flashcards

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1
Q

N formyl methionyl-

A

mediate antimicrobial responses

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2
Q

Mannose receptors

A

initiate phagocytosis of microbes

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3
Q

Scavenger receptors

A

phagocytosis of cell debris

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4
Q

Cytokines-

A

proteins made by cells that mediate inflammation

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5
Q

Principal mediators of communication between cells of the immune response

A

cytokines

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6
Q

Chemokines-

A

cytokines that tell WBC to go from the blood to tissues

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7
Q

How Phagocytes degrade microbes:

A

Microbe binds to phagocyte
Phagocyte zips around microbe
Microbe ingested in phagosome
Phagolysosome- ROS and NO kill microbe in phagolysosome

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8
Q

NK cells-

A

nonspecific, kill virus and tumor cells, first responder

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9
Q

Neutrophils/PMN-

A

phagocytose organisms, cause tissue damage in inflammation, first responder

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10
Q

2 first responders

A

NK cells and PMN

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11
Q

Eosinophils-

A

parasites, allergic rxns in skin and airway

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12
Q

Macrophages-

A

Phagocytose and kill intracellular microbes
Kill infected or changed self cells
Help in tissue repair/wound healing
APC

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13
Q

Dendritic cells

A

process antigen and present it to T cells to initiate the adaptive immune response

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14
Q

links adaptive and innate immune system

A

dendritic cell

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15
Q

also make cytokines and phagocytose cells, but MAIN job is antigen presentation

A

dendritic cell

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16
Q

Innate immune response common to all pathogens (know):

A

Phagocytosis and killing of microbes
Antigen presentation
Cytokine production

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17
Q

TLR 2 and 4

A

extracellular/on cell surface; on all cells

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18
Q

TLR 9

A

intracellular

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19
Q

Adjiment-

A

enhance immune response by attaching to TLR and creating pathways in a vaccine

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20
Q

Dendritic cells are immature in periphery and mature once they get to the lymph node (know)

A

Dendritic cells become mature
Pick up an Ag which activates a TLR
Cytokines are made in the LN based on what TLR was activated
Chemokines are secreted into periphery to warn other cells

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21
Q

APC:

A

DC- mainly
Macrophages
B cells

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22
Q

endogenous Ag

A

Ag made in the body during normal metabolism or viral infection
NK cells important
Presented to APC by CD8+T cells
MHC class I

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23
Q

exogenous Ag

A 
Ag enters the body from the environment
Can be inhaled, ingested, or injected
B cells and Ab are important
Ag presented by APC to CD4 + T cells
MHC class II
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24
Q

CD8+T cells are MHC I and recognize

A

cytosolic proteins such as viruses

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25
CD4+T cells are MHC II and recognize
extracellular and intravesicular pathogens such as bacteria
26
Humoral response:
Mature B lymphocytes make antibodies | Naive B cells do NOT make antibody
27
what do Antibodies do
Neutralize microbes | Enhance phagocytosis via opsonization
28
have a membrane bound IgM and Ig cant be secreted
resting or naive b cells
29
Plasma cell
secrete Ab; either IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD, IgG
30
wait for 2nd exposure to the Ag and secrete Ig when it encounters it
Memory cell
31
In mucosal areas such as the gut, resp tract, urogenital tract In tears, saliva, and breast milk
IgA
32
Majority of Ab Crosses the placenta Shows memory/immunity to an infection
IgG
33
1st secreted during an active infection Eliminated early pathogens of B cell mediated immunity before there is enough IgG Expressed on surface of B cells
IgM
34
Antigen receptor on naive B cells | Activated basophils and mast cells to make antimicrobial factors
IgD
35
Binds to allergens and triggers histamine to be released from mast cells and basophils Similar to eosinophil Protects against parasites
IgE
36
IgG types?
4
37
Epitope-
fragment that binds MHC molecule so TCR can recognize it
38
Immunodominant epitope-
epitope where most of the responding T cells are specific, usually the ones that have the highest affinity for binding to MHC
39
Th0-
naive; havent seen Ag
40
Th1
Promote cell mediated immunity Mediates delayed hypersensitivity rxns (type 4) T cells mediated, autoimmunity, graft rejections Make cytokine INF gamma Activates macrophages
41
Th2
``` Promotes humoral immunity Allergy, Ab mediated autoimmune disease, tolerance Makes cytokine IL4 Activates B cells to make Ab Limites inflammatory response ```
42
Th17
Promotes inflammation in autoimmune responses Secretes IL17 Combats infections and mediates autoimmunity
43
Treg
Suppresses immunity Autoimmune regulation Contact dependent Secretes cytokines IL10 and TGF B
44
FAS and FAS ligand causes
aopotosis
45
Granzymes-
enzymes enter holes and causes apoptosis
46
type 1 hypersensitivity
Classic allergy IgE mediated Immune system responds to harmless antigen from environment Antigen binds to IgE antibodies on mast cell or basophil. Mast cell or basophil then releases histamine
47
type 1 hypersensitivity examples
Allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy, drug rx, anaphylactic shock
48
type 2 hypersensitivity
Ab and complement mediated IgM or IgG antibodies bind to antigen covalently bounded on the cell membrane which activate the complement cascade. Then MAC is formed and the cell is destroyed
49
type 2 hypersensitivity examples
Hemolytic anemia, ABO transfusions, autoimmune hyperthyroidism
50
Type 3 hypersensitivity
Immune complex mediated | Complexes deposited in tissues or vascular endothelium
51
type 3 hypersensitivity examples
Authrus, serum sickness, GN, RA, SLE
52
type 4 hypersensitivity
Transmitted by immunologically sensitized T cells (CD4 or 8), NOT serum Starts hours after exposure and lasts days Mediated by CD4 T cells
53
type 4 hypersensitivity examples
Contact hypersensitivity | Tuberculin hypersensitivity
54
Effects of complement:
cytolysis, opsonization, chemotaxis, anaphylatoxin, enhancement of Ab production
55
cytolysis
C5b, 6, 7, 8,9 insert into bacterial, RBC, or tumor cell membrane and lyse cell
56
Opsonization
C3b on phagocytes
57
Chemotaxis
C5a and the C5,6,7 complex attract neutrophils
58
Anaphylatoxin
C3a, C4a, and C5a degranulate mast cells
59
Enhancement of Ab production
C3b binds to activated B cells which makes Ab
60
Deficient in C3b?
youll get a lot of pyogenic infections
61
Complement-
plasma proteins and cell membrane receptors that mediate host defenses and inflammation
62
End result of complement activation:
MAC and target cell death
63
complement pathways
Classical pathway- antigen antibody complexes | Alternative- interact with bacteria

microbiology (13 decks)

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