Greece Flashcards
Region Varieties (141 cards)
1
Q
What are the 4 PDOs of Macedonia?
A
- Naoussa PDO
- Amynteo PDO
- Goumenissa PDO
- Slopes of Meliton
2
Q
Style of wine and location of the following:
Amynteo PDO
A
Macedonia - Greece
- Sparkling Rose: Traditional method or tank method
- Still Rose
- Dry Red
- 100% Xinomavro
3
Q
What is the only grape variety of Amynteo PDO?
A
100% Xinomavro
Produce dry red, rose and sparkling rose
4
Q
What are the sweetest regulation on the production of Amynteo sparkling wines?
A
- Sparkling rose: 17-32 g/l
- Semi-sweet sparkling rose: 32-50 g/l
5
Q
What is the minimum ageing requirement for Reserve / Selected red wines in Greece?
A
- Minimum 2 years in total
- including 12 months in oak and 6 months in bottles
- Only allow for dry wines
6
Q
What is the minimum ageing requirement for Grande Reserve red wines in Greece?
A
- Wines must be aged for a minimum of 4 years in total
- This must include at least 18 months in barrels and 18 other months in bottle
This term is only used on the production of dry wines
7
Q
What is the name of the God of wine in the Greek mythology ?
A
Dionysus
8
Q
Name the specific resin name used for the production of Retsina
A
Aleppo Pine Resin
Back in times, wines were transported around Ancient Greece in Amphora, covered with this Pine Resin to prevent any for of spoilage
9
Q
Can you name the grape variety most use for the production of Retsina
A
Savvatiano
Retsina can not be vintage dated on the label
10
Q
Can Retsina wine be vintage dated?
A
No,
This wine is only considered as a tradition wine appelation but classified in PGI for the European court. It does not have any legal term and regulation
11
Q
Name the 2 biggest wine producer of Greece?
A
- Boutari
- Tsantali
12
Q
What are the 2 level of PDO appellations of the Greek wine industry?
Precise their focus.
A
- OPAP: Controlled Appellation of Origin: for dry wines
- OPE: Appellation of Superior Quality: For traditional sweet wine appellations
13
Q
What is the ageing assessment for the production of Reserve white in Greece?
A
- Minimum 1 years in total
- including 6 months in oak and 3 months in bottles
Only allow for dry wines
14
Q
What is the ageing assessment for the production of Grande Reserve white wine in Greece?
A
- Minimum 2 years in total
- including 12 months in oak and 6 months in bottles
Only allow for dry wines
15
Q
Name 2 of the most famous PGI traditional wines of Greece?
A
- Retsina
- Verdea
16
Q
Explain the following wine style and precise its location:
Verdea
A
Zakynthos in the Ionian island
- Oxydative wine - sherry like
- Produced from the Skiadopoulo, Pavlos, Robola, Goustolidi, Avgoustiatis
17
Q
Precise the grape varieties of the following wine:
Verdea
A
- Skiadopoulo
- Pavlos
- Robola
- Goustolidi
- Avgoustiatis
18
Q
What is the signification of the term Cava on the Greek wine industry?
A
This is link with minimal ageing requirement under the PGI rules
- White and Rose: at least 1 year of ageing including 6 months in oak
- Red: At least 3 years of ageing including at least 12 months in oak
19
Q
What is the following term referred to? From where
Palaiomenos se Vareli
A
- This term is used in Greece
- This can be added to a Cava, Reserve or Grande Reserve wines to mention than the wine spends an extended time in oak in comparison of the official rules
20
Q
What is the North-Eastern most wine region of the Greece mainland?
A
Thrace
This wine region does not claim any PDO wine area.
21
Q
What is the traduction / meaning of
Xinomavro
A
Acid-black
22
Q
Name the single owner and producer of the Slopes of Meliton PDO?
A
- *Domaine Porto Carras**
- Evangelos Gerovassiliou launch the estate in 1970 after been trained in Bordeaux*
- Red wines: Based in Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Limnios
- White wines: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Rhoditis
23
Q
What was the first Cooperatives winery of Greece?
When was it established?
A
Samos
Founded in 1934
Few cooperatives were created at this period to absorb the over production of grape in the all country.
24
Q
Why Retsina was heavily produced on the 1950’s?
A
The pine resin was used to hide a rough, harsh taste of some large scale production wines.
This disturb the market, and give hard time for Greek wine to show up as a quality wine production in following decades.
25
When did the Greek wine laws were first introduced?
* In **1969**, Greece started its first wine law
* In **1971** most of the today wine regions were created.
26
When did Greece joined European Union?
1981
## Footnote
*This largely helps the country to open its door to export and also in planting new international grape in the country*
27
# What is the following term refer to?
**Kokkineli**
This is a **Retsina** produced from the pink-skinned **Roditis** variety, made as a **rose wine**
28
What are the **most planted** variety in Greece?
1. Savvatiano: 16.5%
2. Roditis: 14.3%
3. Agiorgitiko: 5%
4. Liatiko: 3%
5. Xinomavro: 3%
*Pourcentages are in link to country annual average production in variety*
29
What is the latitude of Greece?
Greece is located between the **34th and 42nd parallels North**
30
What is the Greece's tallest mountain peak?
* *Mount Olympus**
* Reach 3,000m above sea Level*
31
Name the most important mountain range of Greece?
**Pindos Mountains**
Sourthern most extention of the Alps mountains.
*It's covers most of the Greece mainland, from the North to Peloponnese on the south*
32
What are the 3 main seas surrounding Greece?
* **Aegean Sea** on the East
* **Ionian Sea** on the West
* **Libyan Sea** on the south of Crete
33
What are the 3 sub-classification of the Aegean island?
* **Cyclades**: Surrounding Santorini island
* **Dodecanese**: The south east part, nearest to Turkey
* **North Aegean Island**: Closer to Macedonia
34
What are the main wine regions of Greece?
_From North to South_
* Tharce
* Macedonia
* Epirus
* Thessalia
* Central Greece
* Peloponnese
* Crete
* Aegean Islands
* Ionian islands
35
Name the **wind of the Aegean island**, helps mitigate the hot and dry climate
**Meltemi**
Cold wind from the north Balkan regions.
36
# Explain the following term:
**TO**
= Topikos Oinos
## Footnote
*Equivalent of the french Vin de Pays*
37
How may PDO are nowadays all over Greece?
33 in total
## Footnote
*They are all focus on indigenous varieties, out of **Slopes of Meliton PDO** and **Messenikola PDO***
38
# What is the method of production of the following wine in Greece?
**Vins naturellement doux**
Wines produced only from **sun-dried grapes**
## Footnote
*No botrytis, no fortification at any point*
39
What spirit is used on the production **Vin Doux Naturel** in the Greek landscape?
**Tsipouro**
*Greek grappa*
40
What estatein Greece blend **Mavrodaphne** with Cabernet Sauvignon and Resfosco?
**Domaine Mercouri**
Western Peloponnese
41
What are the **4 Xinomavro PDO** based of Greece?
* **Amynteo**
* **Naoussa**
* **Goumenissa**: *Blended with Negoska*
* **Rapsani**: *Blended with Krassato and Stavroto*
42
What are the most important **PDOs for the Mandillaria** variety in Greece ?
* Archanes
* Candia
* Peza
* Paros
* Rhodes
* Sitia
43
There is any PDO within the Thrace region?
**No**, only few PGI
## Footnote
***PGI District**: Evros*
***PGI Area wine**: Avdira and Ismaros*
44
What is the most important city of **Macedonia**?
**Thessaloniki**
## Footnote
*2nd largest city of Greece, located on the coast, with on of the biggest port of the country*
45
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Amynteo PDO**
**Western Macedonia** - Greece
* Located Near the **Pindos mountain range**
* One of the coldest wine region of Greece, with common snow fall
* **100% Xinomavro**
* Dry red and rose wines, also sparkling rose
46
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Naoussa PDO**
**Macedonia** - Greece
* 100% Xinomavro
* **Dry red**
* **Sweet red**: 4,5 to 17,5 g/l
* **Semi-sweet red** : 17,5 to 45 g/l
47
What is the soil type of **Naoussa PDO**?
Mostly rich **clay** with **limestone**
48
# Location and year of establishment of the following:
**Boutari**
Largest winery of Greece, based in Macedonia since 1879.
49
Name few **Crus** of Naoussa allow to appear on the label.
* **Trifolos**: low elevation
* **Fytia**: higher altitude
* **Ramnista**
50
What is the mountain range located near **Goumenissa PDO**?
**Mount Paiko**
51
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Goumenissa PDO**
**Macedonia** - Greece
* **Xinomavro** + at least 20% Negoska
* Dry red wines only
* **Minimum altitude**: 150m above sea Level
* *Warmest region of the 3 Macedonian Xinomavro based*
52
Grape must be part of the blend in **Goumenissa PDO**?
**Negoska**
It must represent at least 20% of the final blend
53
What is the southern most region of production of Xinomavro in Greece?
**Rapsani PDO**
* Thessalia
* **Xinomavro** is know as Principal Variety.
* *Krassato and Stavroto are authorised variety of the final blend*
54
# Style of wine and location of the following?
**Rapsani PDO**
**Thessalia** - Greece
* Dry red wine only
* **Xinomavro** *+ Krassato and Stavroto*
* **Hand harvest** is required and grapes can not be carried in more than 20kg plastic boxes
* malo-lactic fermentation me be done in oak barrel
55
Under **Rapsani PDO,** what varieties can be blended alongside **Xinomavro**?
* Krassato
* Stavroto
56
What are the Greek's 2 PDO allowing international varieties?
* **Slopes of Meliton PDO**: Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
* **Messenilkola PDO**: Syrah and Carignan are complete the blend of the Mavro-Mesenikola variety
57
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Messenikola PDO**
**Thessalonia** - Greece
* Dry red wine only
* **70% minimum Mavro-Mesenikola**
* 30% maximum of Syrah and Carignan combined
58
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Anchialos PDO**
**Thessalonia** - Greece
* **Dry white:** 0 to 4 g/l sugar
* **Semi-Dry:** 4.5 to 17.5 g/l sugar
* **Semi-sweet:** 17.5 to 45 g/l sugar
* Minimum **80% Roditis** + Savvatiano
59
What is the residual sugar ranges for the production of **Anchialos PDO**?
* **Dry**: 0 to 4 g/l
* **Semi-dry**: 4 to 17.5 g/l
* **Semi-sweet**: 17.5 to 45 g/l
## Footnote
*80% Roditis + Savvatiano*
60
What are the PDO of **Thessalia** wine region?
* Rapsani PDO
* Anchialos PDO
* Messenikola PDO
61
What is the sole PDO of **Epirus** wine region?
**Zitsa PDO**
* Only dry white wine and sparkling
* 100% Debina
* Sparkling wines can be produced either in Traditional Method or in Tank
62
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Zitsa PDO**
Single PDO of Epirus - Greece
* **100% Debina**
* Dry white wine
* **Sparkling**:
* dry*: 17 to 32 g/l Residual sugar*
* Semi-Dry: *32 to 50g/l Residual sugar*
63
What is the Residual sugar range for **Zitsa PDO Sparkling wine**?
* **Dry**: 17 to 32 g/l Residual sugar
* **Semi-Dry**: 32 to 50g/l Residual sugar
64
What are the 2 **PGI district** of central Greece?
* Attiki
* Evia
65
What are the PDOs of **Peloponnese**?
* Nemea PDO
* Mantinia PDO
* Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO
* Patras PDO
* Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO
* Muscat of Patras PDO
* Muscat of Rio Patras PDO
66
# What is the style of wine and location of the following:
**Nemea PDO**
**Peloponnese** - Greece
* **100% Agiorgitiko**
* Dry red
* Vin Doux: Vin de Liqueur *Fortification occurs prior to alcoholic fermentation*
* Vin de Liqueur: *Fortification occurs during the alcoholic fermentation*
67
What is the grape variety of **Nemea PDO**?
100% Agiorgitiko
68
# Style of wine and location of the following
**Mantinia PDO**
Peloponnese - Greece
* **85% Moschofilero** + Asproudes
* Dry white wine
* **Sparkling**: *Brut nature to doux*
69
When did **Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO** received its PDO appelation?
* *July 2010**
* One of the latest wine region to be awarded such statut*
70
# Style of wine and location of the following
**Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO**
**Peloponnese** - Greece
* Naturally sweet wines: *sun dried*
* Vin Doux Naturel: *Fortified sweet*
* **51% Malvasia** + Assyrtiko, Kydonitsa, Asproudes
* **Residual Sugar**: minimum 80%
* Must be aged for a minimum of **2 years**.
* If aged longer than 2 years, it must be multiples of 4 (*4, 8, 12...)*
71
What is the minimum residual sugar required in**Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO**?
80 g/L
72
What are the varieties of **Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO**?
* **51% Malvasia**
* + Kydonitsa, Assyrtiko, Asproudes
73
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Patras PDO**
Peloponnese - Greece
* **100% Roditis**
* Dry
* **Semi Dry**: 4.5 to 17.5 g/l
* **Semi swee**t: 12 to 45 g/l
74
What is the variety of Patras PDO?
* *100% Roditis**
* Dry and sweet wines*
75
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Muscat of Patras PDO**
Peloponnese - Greece
* **100% Moschato Aspro**
* **Fortified VDN**: *Fortified during fermentation*
* VDN Grand Cru with vineyard specification
* **Fortified VDL**: *fortified prior to fermentation*
* **Natural sweet wine:** *sun dried grapes*
76
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Muscat of Rio Patras PDO**
**Peloponnese** - Greece
* **100% Moschato Aspro**
* Fortified VDN: *Fortified during fermentation*
* VDN Grand Cru with vineyard specification
* Fortified VDL: *fortified prior to fermentation*
* Natural sweet wine: *sun dried grapes*
*Chapatization is forbidden to any wines*
77
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO**
**Peloponnese** - Greece
* **Natural sweet red**: VDN from dried grapes
* **Sweet red**: VDL from fresh grape juice
***_Ageing:_***
* *Min 1 year in 1000L or less*
* ***Reserve**: 3 years including 2 year in cask and 1 in cask*
* ***Vieille Reserve**: Min 5 years including 2 years in oak and 2 years in cask*
* ***Grande Reserve**: Min 7 years including in 3 years in oak and 3 years in wood*
* ***Non-Vintage**: min 3 years of ageing after the final blend*
78
Ageing requirement of **Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO**?
* Min 1 year in 1000L or less
* **Reserve**: 3 years including 2 year in cask and 1 in cask
* **Vieille Reserve**: Min 5 years including 2 years in oak and 2 years in cask
* **Grande Reserve**: Min 7 years including in 3 years in oak and 3 years in wood
* **Non-Vintage**: min 3 years of ageing after the final blend
79
What is the minimum ageing requirement for **Mavrodaphne of Patras Vieille Reserve**?
* Wines must be aged for a minimum of **5 years** in total
* *This include at least **2 years** in oak and **2 years** in bottle*
80
What is the minimum ageing requirement for **Mavrodaphne of Patras Grande Reserve**?
* Wines must be aged of a minimum of **7 years** in total
* *This include 3 years in oak and 3 years in bottles*
81
What are the varieties allow under the **Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO**?
* **Mavrodaphne**
* up to 49% of Mavri-Korinthiaki
82
What are the 4 Ionian islands producing wine under PDO or PGI delimitation?
* **Cephalonia**: PDO
* **Zakynthos**: PGI
* **Lefkada**: PGI
* **Corfu**: PGI
83
What is the main climatic concern of the Ionian Island?
**Fungus pressure**.
## Footnote
*These island receive the highest amount of rainfall of the all country. Moisture and humidity is high in spring.*
84
What is the only part of Greece without any **Regional PGI appellation?**
The Ionians island.
85
What are the 3 PDO appellations of the Ionian Islands?
* Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO
* Muscat of Cephalonia PDO
* Robola of Cephalonia PDO
86
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO**
Ionians Island - Greece
* Sweet fortified wine
* Movrodaphne + up to 49% Mavri-Korinthiaki (*in co-fermentation*)
* 15-22% ABV
87
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Muscat of Cephalonia PDO**
**Ionians island** - Greece
* 100% Moschato Aspro
* **Naturally sweet:** *sun dried grapes*
* **VDN**: Fortified during alcoholic fermentation
* **VDN Grand Cru:** *lower yields and selected parcels*
* **VDL**: *Fortified prior to alcoholic fermentation*
* No chaptalisation allow
88
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Robots of Cephalonia PDO**
**Ionian Island** - Greece
* **100% Robola**
* Dry white wine only
* Classic Reserve and Grande Reserve ageing rules
89
What is the southern most Ionian island to produce wine?
**Zakinthos**
is also the warmest
90
What is the style of wine of Verdea PGI?
Where is it produced?
**Zakynthos Island**
* Usually **dry white wine**, with high alcohol content.
* It display a **strong oxidative** profile flavours coming from long ageing in oak barrels
* **Varieties**: 50% Skiadopoulo + Robola, Pavlos, Goustolidi
91
What is the second name of **Central Greece**?
**Sterea Ellada**
92
What is the largest PDO of Greece?
**Patras PDO**
93
What is the most important variety of Lefkada Island
* *Vertzami**
* Also know as **Lefkaditiko***
94
Name the traditional **trellising system** of Santorini Island?
* *Stefani or Kouloura**
* Ground floor basket shape*
95
What are the 2 islands of production of **Santorini PDO**?
* **Thera**: AKA Santorini
* **Thirasia**
96
What are the grape varieties of Santorini?
**75% of Assyrtiko** + Aidani, Athiri
## Footnote
*Small amount of traditional varieties can be included: Katsano, Monemvassia, Gaidouria, Moscato Aspro, Platani and Roditis*
97
What is the minimum amount of Assyrtiko required for the production of **Vin Santo in Santorini PDO**?
**51% minimum**
Rest of the blend can be Aidani and Athiri
## Footnote
*For the production of dry white, the minimum amount of Assyrtiko is 75%.*
98
Precise the **minimum ageing** for the production of **Vin Santo in Santorini**?
* Wines must be aged for a minimum of **2 years**
* If the wine is release with ageing statement rather than vintage, ageing must be extended to **4 years**, and can only be listed as multiple of 4 (8, 12, 16...
* *The full maturation process must occur on the island of Thera or Thirasia.*
99
What are the 2 **red grape varieties** grow on the island of **Santorini**?
* Mandilaria
* Mavrotragano
100
How is the Vin Santo process in Santorini island?
* Made with a minimum of **51% of Assyrtiko** + Aidani and Athiri
* **Sun-dried grapes**
* Ussually **unfortified**, with a ageing of minimum **2 years** prior releasing
101
# Explain the following style of wine:
**Nykteri**
* **Traditional** style of wine from **Santorini island**
* Made from over ripe grapes
* Grapes are **pressed over night** (*Nykta in Greece*).
* Following the fermentation, wines are aged for a minimum of **3 months** in oak barrel
102
# Explain the origin and the style of the following wine:
**Mezza**
* **Sweet red** wine from **Santorini Island**
* Produced from **air-dried Mandilaria** grape
103
What are the **2 PDOs** of the **Paros Island**?
Where is the island located?
**Cyclades** - Greece
* **Paros PDO**: Dry white and dry red
* **Malvasia of Paros PDO**: Sweet white
104
What is the only PDO of Greece requiering **co-fermentation** of white and red varieties of its **red wines**?
**Paros PDO**
*Wines must be produced from a minimum of 35% of Mandilaria co-fermented with Monemvasia*
105
# What is the location and style of the following:
**Paros PDO**
**Cyclades Island** - Greece
* **Dry white**: Monemvasia
* **Dry red**: 35% Mandilaria minimum co-fermented with Monemvasia
106
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Malvasia of Paros PDO**
**Cyclades Island** - Greece
* Sweet white
* **85% Monemvasia** + Assyrtiko
* sun-dried grapes
* Usually no-fortified wine
* **Vintage**: minimum 2 years of ageing
* **NV blend**: 4 years minimum of ageing
107
What are the PDOs of the **Aegean Island** of Greece?
* Santorini PDO
* Paros PDO
* Malvasia of Paros PDO
* Rhodes PDO
* Muscat of Rhodes PDO
* Muscat of Lemnos PDO
* Limnos PDO
* Samos
108
In what viticulture region is **Mount Atavyros** an important feature?
Rhodes islands within the Aegean islands of Greece
109
What producer is **dominating the production** of wine within the island of **Rhodes**?
**CAIR**
* unofficial cooperative created in **1928**.
* Made its name around **sparkling wine** produce on the island. Back in time, this wine was called *Greek Champagne*
110
# style of wine produced in:
**Rhodes**
**Cyclades island** - Greece
* **Dry to semisweet white**: 70% Athiri + *Assyrtiko and Malagoussia*
* **Dry to semisweet red**: 70% Mandilaria + *Mavrthiriko*
* **Dry to semisweet rose**: same than red
* **Sparkling**
111
# What are the 2 PDOs of the Paros Island? Where is it located?
**Muscat of Rhodes PDO**
**Cyclades island** - Greece
* **100% Moschato Aspro**
* VDL
* VDN
* VDN Grand Cru
*This appelation is rarely saw on the market*
112
Give some synonyms of **Muscat a Petits Grains** in Greece?
* Moschato Aspro
* Moschato Trani
113
In 2011, the Lemnos has change its rules.
What new there?
**Since 2011,** winemakers can produce **dry red wine** under the Lemnos PDO appellation.
114
What is the local name of the Limnio variety grow within the Lemnos island?
**Kalampaki**
*Only call such as for the production of dry red wines*
115
What is the most planted variety for the Lemnos island?
**Muscat of Alexandria**
*Mostly use for the production of sweet fortified wine. Dry versions are rising up, and are becoming more and more interesting*
116
# What style of wine and location of the following:
**Lemnos PDO**
## Footnote
**Aegean Island** - Greece
* **Dry to semi-sweet white**: Moschato Alexandrias
* **Dry red**: Limnio (*AKA Kalampaki*)
* **Liastos**: sun dried wine
* **Fortified**: Vin de Liqueur from dried grapes
117
# Where and what is the following term referred to:
**Liastos**
* Traditional **Straw-sun dried wine** still produced on the island of **Lemnos**
* The wine must be aged for a minimum of **24 months** prior to release
* The sun dry process must concentrate the sugar content from **220 to 320 g/L**
* **Residual sugar:** 80 g/L minimum
118
What is the minimum **residual sugar** for the production of **Liastos** wine in **Lemnos** island?
80 g/L
119
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Muscat of Lemnos PDO**
**Aegean island** - Greece
* **100% Moschato Alexandria**
* Natural sweet wine
* Vin de Liqueur
* Vin Doux Naturel
* Vin Doux Naturel grand cru
120
# Style of wine and location of the following:
**Samos PDO**
**Aegean islands** - Greece
* **Moschato Aspro** (*AKA Muscat a Petit Grains*)
* Vin Doux Naturel
* Vin Doux Naturel Grand Cru
* Vin de Liqueur: *May be aged in oak vessel for up to 5 years*
* Naturally sweet wine
121
Who is the sole producer of **Samos PDO**?
**UWC Samos:** Union of Vinicultural Cooperatives of Samos *control the complete of the production of the island.*
## Footnote
*nowadays, handful of new winemakers started to produce their own wines.*
122
In 1934, a law was voted to control the wine production of the Samos island.
**Can you precise what was the term of this law?**
* This law required wines produced from the **Muscat Blanc** variety could be the only one to claim the **Samos origin**.
* In fact, it indirected created the **first appelation** of Greece.
123
What grape variety cover more than 95% of the **Samos planting?**
**Muscat Blanc** - *AKA Moschato Aspro*
## Footnote
The 5% remaining are covers by Ritino and Fokiano variety. Both grapes are red
124
# Where this following wine are coming from?
**Nectar** and **Anthemia**
Samos island in Greece.
* Both wine produced from the **Moschato Aspro** variety
* **Nectar** is a sun-dried grape wine
* **Anthemia** is a Vin de Liqueur aged for 5 years in oak prior to be released.
125
Is Ouzo protected by a PDO appellation?
Yes, **since 2006**
* *The final product must reach at least 37,5% ABV*
* *This is a pommade base flavoured with anis*
126
What was the first distillery to produce Ouzo in Greece?
**Tyrnavos**
It opens in **1856**
127
What are the **PDOs of Crete**?
* Sitia PDO
* Malvasia Sitia PDO
* Peza PDO
* Daphnes PDO
* Archanes PDO
* Candia PDO
* Malvasia Candia PDO
128
Where is the origin of wine and viticulture in Greece
* On the **Crete island**, with the **Minoan civilisation.**
* They spread their knowledges to Santorini, the the the Greece mainland.
* Viticulture largely developed with the Venetian rules from the XIII century
129
When did phylloxera reach Crete?
In 1970's
130
What are the 3 highest mountain pikes of Crete?
* Psiloritis
* Lefka Ori
* Dikti
*The high mountainous chain blocks hot dry winds from Africa. This male a very different climate feature between the north and the south of the island*
131
Crete is split into 4 districts.
## Footnote
**Can you name them, and mention where vines are mostly planted?**
_From West to East_:
* **Hania**
* **Rethymnos**
* **Iraklio**: most concentrated are of vine production: *5 of the 7 PDOs are located here*
* **Lasithi**: Hottest and driest part of Crete. *Home of Sitia and Malvasia Sitia PDOs*
132
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Peza PDO**
**Crete** - Greece
* **Dry White:** 100% Vilana
* **Dry Red:** Kotsifali and Mandilaria
133
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Archanes PDO**
Crete - Greece
* **Produce only dry red**: Kotsifali and Mandilaria
134
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Daphnes PDO**
**Crete** - Greece
* **100% Liatiko**
* Dry
* Sweet: *Vin Doux Naturel, Vin de Liqueur, Naturally sweet, sun-dried grapes*
135
What are the **newest PDOs** of Greece?
* Candia
* Malvasia Candia
## Footnote
**Upgrated in 2011**
136
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Candia PDO**
**Crete** - Greece
* **Dry Red**: 70% Kotsifali + Mandilaria
* **Dry White**: 85% Vilana + Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Liatiko (*vinified as white)*, Thrapsathiri
137
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Malvasia Candia PDO**
**Crete** - Greece
* **Varieties**: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko (*vinified as white*) + *max 15% Muscat blanc and Malvasia di Candia*
* **Fortified white:** Vin Doux Naturel
* **Naturally sweet**
138
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Sitia PDO**
**Crete** - Greece
* **Dry white**: 70% Vilana + Thrapsathiri - *added to the PDO in 1998*
* **Dry Red**: 80% Liatiko + Mandilaria
* **Natural Sweet red, Vin Doux Naturel, Vin de Liqueur** : 100% Liatiko
139
When did **white wine** in **Sitia** where added to the PDO?
**1998**
140
# Location and style of wine of the following:
**Malvasia Sitia PDO**
Crete - Greece
* **Varieties**: Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko + Malvasia of Candia, and Muscat Blanc
* Fortified white: VDN
* Naturally sweet white: **80g/L residual sugar**
* Min **2 years** of ageing
141
What is the minimum residual sugar for naturally sweet wine under the **Malvasia Sitia PDO**?
80 g/L minimum
