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Anatomy Year 2 - Robbie > Head and neck Week 1 - Dry room > Flashcards

Head and neck Week 1 - Dry room Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the neck?

A

Vertebral compartment

Vascular compartments

Visceral compartment

Musculofascial collar

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2
Q

What is found in the vertebral compartment of the neck?

A

cervical vertebrae

postural msucles

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3
Q

What is found in the vascular compartments of the neck?

A

contains major blood vessles and the . vagus nerve

(one each side)

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4
Q

What is found in the visceral compartment of the neck?

A

thyroid

parathyroid

pharynx

larynx

trachea

oesophagus

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5
Q

Study this image of what vertebrae

A

cervical

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6
Q

What is the musculofascial collar of the neck?

A

encolses all other compatments

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7
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there

A

7

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8
Q

What type of joint is present between occipital condyles and C1? (atlas)

A

synovial

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9
Q

What kind of joint present between C1 and C2 at the odontoid peg

A

synovial pivot

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10
Q

what passes through the foramen transversium?

A

vertebral arteris + veins

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11
Q

What is the vertebral prominens?

A

C7

long and prominents spinous process which is palpable form the skin surface

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

What is special features of cervical vertebrae

A

bifid spinous process

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14
Q

what curvature exists in cervical portion of the vertebral coloumn

A

lordosis

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15
Q

What are the 2 triangles of the neck?

A

Anterior trangle

Posterior trangle

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16
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

superiorly: inferior border of the mandible
posteriorly: anterior border of the sterocleidomastoid
anteriorly: midline of the neck

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17
Q

What are the borderds of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

anteriorly: posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
posteriorly: anterior border of the trapezius muscle
inferiorly: middle 1/3 of clavicle

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18
Q

Whata re the attachmens of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

sternum

medial clavicle

mastoid process

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19
Q

What happens when the sternocleidomastoid msucle contracts?

A

head tilts same side it contracts on but would face the opposite way

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20
Q

What is the function of the trapezius muscle?

A

used to tilt and turn the head and neck, shrug, steady the shoulders, and twist the arms

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21
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?

in what triangle of the neck is it found?

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

posterior triangle

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22
Q

Where do the ventral rami of the lower cervical spine emerge and what do they collectively form?

A

between the scalene muscles that form the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck

brachial plexus

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23
Q

The anterior trangle can be split into a further 4 triangles, what are they?

A

submental

digastric/submandibular

carotid

muscular

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24
Q

What is in the submental triangle of the neck?

A

submental lymph nodes

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25
Q

What is on the submandibular triangle of the neck?

A

facial artery

submandibular gland

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26
Q

what is in the carotid triangle of the neck?

A

contents of a neurovascular sheath

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27
Q

What is in the muscular triangle of the neck?

A

strap muscles of the neck - infrahyiod muscles

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28
Q

What makes up the cervical plexus?

A

The cervical plexus is formed from the anterior primary rami of C1–C4

29
Q

What triangle of the neck is the cervical plexus located in?

A

posterior triangle

30
Q

The CCA is a branch of what?

A

right side - brachiocephalic trunk

left side - aortic arch

31
Q

Where does the CCA run in the neck?

A

in the anterior triangle within the carotid sheath

32
Q

What structures lie in the carotid sheath?

A

CCA

internal jugular vein

vagus nerve

33
Q

At what level does the CCA divide in the neck?

A

C4 - top of thyroid cartilage

34
Q

does the ICA or ECA give of branches in the neck?

A

ECA

35
Q

Is the ICA or ECA more lateral?

A

ICA

36
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the ECA and in what glandular structure are they give off?

A

superficial temporal and maxillary artery

parotid gland

37
Q

where does the internal jugular vein arise from?

A

arises from jugular venous sinus (which drains the brain)

emerges from the jugular foramen

38
Q

which vein of the upper limb does the IJV merge with and what is the name of the vein that is formed?

A

subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic

39
Q

Where is the EJV located and what does it drain?

A

it is a superficial vein draining the scalp and face

40
Q

in relation to sternocleidomastoid, where does the EJV run?

A

superficial to it

41
Q

Which veind oes the EJV drain into?

A

subclavian vein

42
Q

the vagus nerve is in the carotid sheath and where does it lie in relation to the vascular ocntents of the sheath

A

posterior

43
Q

the phrenic nerve srises from cervical plexus in neck and travels through the neck into the thorax to supply the diaphragm

where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the carotid sheath?

A

posterior

44
Q

What are the 3 parts of the hyoid bone?

A
45
Q

why is the hyoid bone different form other bones?

A

only bone that is not articulated with another bone and is quite easily damaged

46
Q

What are the 2 sets of msucles for the hyoid bone?

A

suprahyoid muscles

infrahyoid muscles

47
Q

Name the suprahyoid muscles and their innervation

A

mylohyoid - inferior alveolar nerve

geniohyoid - C1 nerve routes which run within the hypoglossal nerve

digastric - inferior alveolar nerve and digastric branch of facial nerve

stylohyoid - facial nerve

(inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of thr mandibular nerve)

48
Q

What actions do the suprahyoid msucles have on the mandible and hyoid bone?

A

lower mandible and elevate hyoid bone (an action involved in swallowing)

49
Q

Name theinfrahyoid muscles and their innervation

A

sternohyoid - C1-3 carried by a branch of the anas cervicalis

sternothyroid - C1-3 carried by a branch of the anas cervicalis

thyrohyoid - C1 (which reaches it by hitching a ride on the hypoglossal nerve)

omohyoid - C1

50
Q

a

A

mylohyoid

51
Q

b

A

stylohyoid

52
Q

c

A

digastric (anterior belly and posterior belly on the right)

53
Q

where is the geniohyoid?

A

sits inside the mylohyoid

54
Q

a

A

thyrohyoid

55
Q

b

A

sternothyroid

56
Q

c

A

omohyoid (superior belly)

57
Q

d

A

sternohyoid

58
Q

e

A

omohyoid (inferior belly)

59
Q

what are the vertebral roots values of the cervical plexus?

A

C1-4

60
Q

between which 2 muscles does the cervical plexus emerge?

A

anterior and middle scalene

61
Q

what motor nerve merges form the cervical plexus and travels through the thorax?

A

phrenic nerve

62
Q

what is the ansa cervicalis?

A

loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus

63
Q

what kind of gland is the thyroid gland and where is it

A

endocrine gland

front of neck

64
Q

what is the anatomical parts of the thyroid gland

A

2 lobes and isthmus

65
Q

at what level (in relation to the trachea or larynx) does the isthmus of the thyroid gland lie?

A

extends form the the second to third rings of the trachea

(C7-T1)

66
Q

In which of the 4 compartments of the neck does the thyroid gland lie?

A

visceral compartment of the neck

67
Q

What supplies blood to the thyroid gland?

A

Blood supply to the thyroid gland is achieved by two main arteries; the superior and inferior thyroid arteries. These are paired arteries arising on both the left and right. The superior thyroid artery is the first branch of the external carotid artery

68
Q

how are the following structures related to the thyroid gland:

strap muscles of the neck

sternocleidomastoid muscle

carotid sheath

recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of the vagus nerve)

external laryngeal nerve

parathyroid glands

A

strap muscles of the neck - anteriomedial

sternocleidomastoid muscle - lateral

carotid sheath - posterolateral

recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of the vagus nerve) - posteriomedial

external laryngeal nerve - superior

parathyroid glands - posterior

Anatomy Year 2 - Robbie (17 decks)

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