GI class - week 4 dry lab

Question 1

the spleen is a ________ organ connected to the blood vascular system. it acts as a filter for blood and plays an important role in the _______ response of the body

Answer 1

lymphoid

immune

Question 2

how is the spleen peritonised?

Answer 2

intraperitoneal

Question 3

in which region of the abdominal cavity is the spleen located?

Answer 3

left hypochondrium and lumbar/left upper quadrant

Question 4

does the psleen move with respiration?

Answer 4

yes - descends on inspiration

Question 5

name structures in the hilum of the spleen

Answer 5

splenich artery

splenich vein

lymphatic vessels

Question 6

the tail of which organ is closely related to the hilum of the spleen?

Answer 6

pancreas

Question 7

is the spleen prone to injury?

Answer 7

the spleen is prone to injurty due to its location

removal of the spleen (splenectomy) can save the patients life after injurty

Question 8

the surgeon must take care not to damage the ___________ while removing the spleen

Answer 8

pancreas (tail)

Question 9

what are the functions of the spleen

Answer 9

1. storage of RBCs
2. filtration
3. storage of platelets and white bloodc ells
4. phagocytosis
5. the active immune response to infection

Question 10

the pancreas is partly ______ and partly ______

Answer 10

endocrine

exocrine

exocrine part secretes the digerstive juice

endocrine part secretes hormones

Question 11

how is the pancreas related to the duodenum?

Answer 11

the pancreatic duct joins the pancreas to the common bile duct which flow into the duodenum

Question 12

hwo si the pancreas peritonised?

Answer 12

retroperitoneal

Question 13

which vein is formed posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

Answer 13

hepatic portal vein

Question 14

into which part of the duodenum does the pancreatic duct open?

Answer 14

the second part

Question 15

the close relationships of the pancreas and its location in the abdominal cavity contribute to the intractable nature of _______ of this organ

Answer 15

cancers

Question 16

the liver is a large gland situated in the _____ upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity

in the living subject, the liver is brown in colour, soft in consistency, anf very friable

Answer 16

right

Question 17

round ligament of the liver (also called as ligamentum teres) is a remnant of which embryological structre?

Answer 17

(left) umbilical vein

Question 18

what are the two lobes on the posterior side of the liver and what other sturcutres are present on the back of the liver?

Answer 18

Question 19

what is the bare area of the liver bare of?

Answer 19

peritoneal covering

Question 20

name 3 structure spresent in the porta hepatis

Answer 20

hepatic portal vein

hepatic artery

common bile ducts

Question 21

what fold of peritoneum is wrapped around these 3 structures?

Answer 21

lesser omentum

Question 22

the extraheptic biliary apparatus consists of what?

Answer 22

right and left hepatic ducts

common hepatic duct

gall bladder

cystic duct

common bile duct

Question 23

where is bile produced?

Answer 23

liver

Question 24

where is bile stored?

Answer 24

gallbladder

Question 25

where does bile enter the gut tube?

Answer 25

through the sphincter of oddi into the duodenum

Question 26

whats it he function of bile

Answer 26

digesting and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins

Question 27

what is Calots cystohepatic triangle?

Answer 27

trig=angular space formed by cystic duct, common hepaitc duct snd inferior surface of the liver the triangle contains cystic artery during removal of the gall bladder (cholecystectomy) care should be taken not to damage the structures in and around the triangle

Question 28

what are the major histological features of the pancreas?

Answer 28

islets of langerhans composed of clumps of small poorly stained cells pure serous acini composed of large storngly stained cells small lobules surrounder by connective tissue septa

Question 29

what are the main histological features of the liver?

Answer 29

cells are arranged in sheets and converging towards the centre (cnetal vein) st the corner of the lobule connective tissue encloses 2-3 portal areas which contal blodo vessels and ducts (portla triad)

Question 30

what makes up the portal triad?

Answer 30

consists of branches of the hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein and bile ducts, as well as other structures

Question 31

decsribe the histology of the spleen

Answer 31

spleen in covered by a dense fibromuscular capsule formed of collagen and elastic fibres with scattered smooth muscle branching trabeculae radiate inside the spleen the parenchyma of the spleen in called pulp you have red pulp and white pulp

Question 32

what is the main content of white pulp and red pulp?

Answer 32

WP - lymphatic tissue that mainly consists of lymphocytes - band T cells RP - venous sinuses and splenic cords (rich in macrophages)

Question 33

which costal cartilage is the surface marking of the gall bladder?

Answer 33

9th

Question 34

does the liver move with respiration?

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

which ribs relate to the spleen?

Answer 35

9th-11th

Question 36

which abdominal plane crosses the pancreas? which part of the pancreas it passes through?

Answer 36

transpyloric neck

Question 37

what type of radiological procedure is showing?

Answer 37

abdominal angiogram

Question 38

what type of radiological procedure is showing?

Answer 38

intravenous pylogram

Question 39

whata re the 3 branches of the coeliac trunk?

Answer 39

left gastric artery splenich artery hepatic artery

Question 40

study the following image

Answer 40