Head and Neck Week 2 - dry room

Question 1

a

Answer 1

mental spikes

Question 2

b

Answer 2

mental tubercle

Question 3

c

Answer 3

mental foramen

Question 4

d

Answer 4

body

Question 5

e

Answer 5

angle

Question 6

f

Answer 6

mandibular foramen

Question 7

g

Answer 7

ramus

Question 8

h

Answer 8

condyle

Question 9

i

Answer 9

coronoid

Question 10

j

Answer 10

mandibular notch

Question 11

What anatomical changes have occured in an edentulous (no teeth) mandible due to bone resorption?

Answer 11

lack of mandibular height - atrophy

change of position of inferior alveolar nerve and artery

loss of teeth sockets - as these are weak areas

lossing bone masses - osteoclasts eating away bone

Question 12

How many of each type of decidous teeth?

Answer 12

incisor - 8

canines - 4

molars - 8

Question 13

How many of each type of permanent teeth?

Answer 13

incisor - 8

canines - 4

premolars - 8

molars - 12

Question 14

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

Answer 14

synovial hinge type joint

a modified-hinge type of synovial joint made up of the condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

Question 15

What are the 2 articular processes that form the TMJ?

Answer 15

mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

condylar process of the mandible

Question 16

What movements of the mandible occur at the TMJ?

Answer 16

retraction

elevation

protrusion

depression

side to side movements

Question 17

the muscles of mastication refer to a group of 4 muscles which act on the TMJ during mastication (chewing)

names the muscles of mastication

Answer 17

temporalis

masseter

lateral pterygoid

medial pterygoid

Question 18

what are the bony attachments of the temporalis muscle?

Answer 18

originates from the temporal fossa

inserts onto the coroid process of the mandible

(notice that the anterior most fibre of the temporalis muscle are nearly vertical while the posteior most ones are nearly horizontal)

Question 19

What would the actional of the temporalis msucle be on the mandible when:

anterior fibres contract?

posteiror fibres contract?

Answer 19

anterior - elevates mandible closing the mouth

posterior- retracts mandible, pulling the jaw posteriorly

Question 20

what are the bony attachments of the masseter?

Answer 20

superficial part = maxillary process of the zygomatic bone

deep part = zygomatic arch of the temporal bone

outer surface of the ramus and angular process of the mandible

Question 21

what are the actions of the masseter?

Answer 21

elevates mandible, closing mouth

Question 22

where do the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles attach?

Answer 22

both to lateral pterygoid plate

lateral pterygoid msucle attaches to the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and the medial pterygoid msucle attaches to the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

Question 23

Where do the pterygoid muscles attach to the mandible?

Answer 23

lateral pterygoid muscle enters into the joint capsule of the TMJ to inset onto the neck of the mandible and also the articular disc of this joint

medial pterygoid muscle attaches to the medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible

Question 24

What are the actions of thr pterygoid muscles?

Answer 24

when both lateral pterygoid msucles contract they cause the mandible to protrude - push jaw forwards

when the lateral pterygoid msucle cintratcs with the medial pterygoid msucle if the same side it causes medial movement (rotation) of the mandible - side to side

when the 2 medial pterygoid msucles contract they cause mandible to elevate and protrude

Question 25

name the suprahyoid muscles that depress the mandible?

Answer 25

mylohyoid digastric geniohyoid

Question 26

What causes elevation of the mandible?

Answer 26

masseter temporalis medial pterygoid

Question 27

what causes depression of the mandible

Answer 27

mylohoid digastric geniohyoid

Question 28

what causes protrusion of the mandible

Answer 28

lateral pterygoid

Question 29

what causes retractino of the mandible

Answer 29

temporalis

Question 30

what causes side to side movement of the mandible

Answer 30

lateral and medial pterygoid

Question 31

what is the innervation of the muscles of the mastication

Answer 31

branches of mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 32

what type of innervation does the trigeminal supply?

Answer 32

V1 - purley sensory V2 - purley sensory V3 - sensory and motor fibres

Question 33

V3 emerges from cranial cavity through what

Answer 33

ovale foramen

Question 34

V3 - in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, its motor branches supply the muscles of mastication

Answer 34

intratemporal fossa

Question 35

what one of V3 sensory branches enters into the mandibular foramen and provides sensory innervation to the mandibular area?

Answer 35

inferior alveolar nerve

Question 36

the vestibule of oral cavity describes what space

Answer 36

between teeth, lips and cheeks

Question 37

what is the muscle innervated by the facial nerve that lies in the lateral walls of the oral cavity?

Answer 37

buccinator

Question 38

what is the msucle of facial expression whose contraction causes closing/pursinf of the lips?

Answer 38

orbicularis orbis

Question 39

what is the posterior opening of the oral cavity called?

Answer 39

oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 40

what bones form the hard palate?

Answer 40

palatine bone maxilla

Question 41

name the muscles in the soft palate

Answer 41

tensor veli palatini levator veli palatini palatolossus palatopharyngeus musculus uvulae

Question 42

what is the nerve supply to the muscles of the soft palate?

Answer 42

pharyngeal geal branch of vagus nerve (CN X) aparty from the tensor veli palatini, which is innervated by the medial pterygoid nerve (branch of V3)

Question 43

what is the collection action of the soft palate muscles?

Answer 43

tenses, elevated and pulls soft palate towards the tongue, draws pharynx anteriorly when swallowing anf shortens ubular closes nasal cavity when swallowing

Question 44

what are the boundaries of the oropharynx?

Answer 44

anterior boundaries are right and left palatoglossal arches (anterior pillars of the fauces) and it extends form the uvular of the soft palate above to the tip of the epiglottis below

Question 45

what is the most important contents of the oropharynx?

Answer 45

palatine tonsils situated in the lateral wall on either side

Question 46

what structure lies between the folds of the mucosa overlying the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus?

Answer 46

palatine tonsiles

Question 47

what type of cellular tissue makes up the palatine tonsils?

Answer 47

lyphoid tissue

Question 48

study this image

Answer 48

Question 49

whata re the functions of the tongue?

Answer 49

moving food during chewing taste buds helps in swallowing food speech

Question 50

the tongue is divided into an anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 by a V shaped sulcus called what?

Answer 50

terminal sulcus

Question 51

what is the embryological significance of the foramen caecum?

Answer 51

opening of thyroglossal duct into the tongue The foramen caecum represents a primitive tract between the anterior cranial fossa and the nasal space. It is located along the anterior cranial fossa, anterior to the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and posterior to the frontal bone, within the frontoethm

Question 52

the anteiror 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue has surface projections of the mucous membrane that make it rough. These are called papillae, what are the 3 types?

Answer 52

filiform fungiform circumvallate/vallate

Question 53

what types of papillae are taste buds present in?

Answer 53

present in all except filiform type

Question 54

the dorsal surface of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue has surface elevations produced by submucosal lymphoid tissue collection, what is this called?

Answer 54

lingual tonsils

Question 55

the inferior surface of the tongue is covered by smooth mucous membrane. Name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

Answer 55

lingual frenulum

Question 56

what provies general sensory innervation (touch, pain, temperature) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 56

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (lingual nerve)

Question 57

what provies general sensory innervation (touch, pain, temperature) to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Answer 57

glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

Question 58

what provies taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 58

chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve

Question 59

what provies taste sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Answer 59

glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

Question 60

what are the 2 types of muscles of the tongue?

Answer 60

intrinsic muscles that originate and inset within the tongue extrinsic muscles that attach form the tongue to surrounding bones or soft palate

Question 61

on a sagittal section of the tongue which specific area are the intrinsic muscles fibres mainly concentrated?

Answer 61

superior part - most in top few 2cm of the tongue

Question 62

compared to extrinsic fibres which change the position of the tongue, what do instrinsic msucle fibres collectively do?

Answer 62

alter the shape of the tongue

Question 63

what is the name of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 63

genioglossus hyoglossus styologlossus palatoglossus

Question 64

what is the attachment of the genioglossus?

Answer 64

inner surface of the mandible close to the midline

Question 65

what is the attachment of the hyoglossus?

Answer 65

upper border of body of hyoid

Question 66

what is the attachment of the styloglossus?

Answer 66

originates at styloid process and inserts into the side of the tongue

Question 67

what is the attachment of the palatoglossus?

Answer 67

soft palate

Question 68

what is the action of the genioglossus?

Answer 68

protrudes tongue to opposite side

Question 69

what is the action of the hyooglossus?

Answer 69

depresses and retracts

Question 70

what is the action of the styloglossus?

Answer 70

retracts and elevates

Question 71

what is the action of the palatoglossus?

Answer 71

actually a palatal muscle and helps to narrow oropharynx in swallowing

Question 72

when the nerve innervating the right genioglossus is damaged, (resulting in muscle paralysis), which direction would you expect the patients tongue to deviate if you ask them to protrude their tongue?

Answer 72

right

Question 73

what innevrated the muscles of the tongue?

Answer 73

the hyoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) innervates all the muscles (intrinsic and extrinsic) of the tongue except one which is the palatoglossus which is innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 74

name the 3 larged paired salivary glands

Answer 74

parotid submandibular sublingual

Question 75

what muscle seperates the 2 parts of the submandibular gland?

Answer 75

mylohyoid

Question 76

where in relation to the floor of the mouth do the 2 parts of the submandibular gland lie?

Answer 76

inferior posterior

Question 77

name the artery that grooves the under surface if the submandibular salivary gland?

Answer 77

facial

Question 78

where does the sublingual salivary duct open?

Answer 78

summit of small papilla at the side of the frenulum of the tongue

Question 79

what cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation which is secretomotor to the parotid salivary gland?

Answer 79

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 80

what cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation which is secretomotor to the submandibular salivary gland?

Answer 80

facial nerve (chorda tympani)

Question 81

what cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation which is secretomotor to the sublingual salivary gland?

Answer 81

facial nerve (chorda tympani)