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Anatomy Year 2 - Robbie > Head and Neck Week 3 - wet room > Flashcards

Head and Neck Week 3 - wet room Flashcards

1
Q

what 7 bones make up the orbit of the eye?

A

Superior margin: frontal bone and sphenoid

Inferior margin: maxillary bone, palatine and zygomatic

Medial margin: ethmoid, lacrimal bone, sphenoid (body of) and maxilla

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2
Q

what are the 3 foramina at the apex of the orbit?

A

optic foramen

superior orbital fissure

inferior orbital fissure

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3
Q

what passes through the optic foramen

A

optic nerve

opthalmic artery

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4
Q

what passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

III cranial nerve - oculomotor nerve

IV cranial nerve - trochlear

VI cranial nerve - abducens

opthalmic (VQ division of CNV) nerve

opthalmic veins

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5
Q

what passes through the inferior orbital fissure

A

maxillary division of CN V nerve

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6
Q

a

A

sphenoid sinus

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7
Q

b

A

frontal sinus

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8
Q

c

A

ethmoid sinus

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9
Q

d

A

maxillary sinus

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10
Q

what makes the floor of the orbit weak?

A

inferior orbital groove

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11
Q

what are the main contents of the orbit?

A

eyeballs

extrinsic ocular muscles

ligaments supporting the eye

optic nerve

branches of inferior opthalmic artry

the lacrimal (tear) apparatus

orbital fat

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12
Q

whata re the 3 layers of the eye?

A

outer fibrous layers

middle vascular layer

inner sensory layer

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13
Q

what makes up the outer fibrous layer of the eye?

A

sclera

cornea

it is a complete layer (extends all the way through)

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14
Q

what makes up the middle vascular layer of the eye?

A

choroid

ciliary body

iris

Is incomplete anteriorly. Anterior apeture (in iris) is called pupil

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15
Q

what makes up the inner sensory layer of the eye?

A

retina

is present posteriorly but anteriorly it stops short just infront of equator of the eye

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16
Q

what divides the eye into an anterior and aposterior segment?

A

crystalline lens

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17
Q

what is the name of the watery fluid in the anterior segment?

A

aqueous humour

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18
Q

what is the name of the gel in the posterior segment?

A

vitreous humour

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19
Q

a

A

ciliary body

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20
Q

b

A

lens

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21
Q

c

A

ciliary body

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22
Q

d

A

ora serreta

(anterior end of retina)

serrated junction between the retina and the ciliary body

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23
Q

e

A

fovea centralis

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24
Q

f

A

optic nerve head (he physiological blind spot)

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25
Q

g

A

optic nerve

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26
Q

what part of the eye produces (secretes) aqueous humour?

A

ciliary body

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27
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

ciliaris

constrictor pupillae

dilator pupillae

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28
Q

What is the location of:

ciliaris

constrictor pupillae

dilator pupillae

A

ciliaris - ciliary body

constrictor pupillae - pupillary border of iris

dilator pupillae - radially running muscles in iris

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29
Q

What is the action of:

ciliaris

constrictor pupillae

dilator pupillae

A

ciliaris - accommodation

constrictor pupillae - constricts pupil

dilator pupillae - dilates pupil

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30
Q

what is the innervation of:

ciliaris

constrictor pupillae

dilator pupillae

A

ciliaris - parasympathetic via cranial nerve IIIn

constrictor pupillae - parasympathetic via cranial nerve IIIn

dilator pupillae - sympathetic innervation

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31
Q

Is the constrictor pupillae and dilator pupillae sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

constrictor pupillae - parasympathetic

dilator pupillae - sympahtetic

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32
Q

what produces movements of the eye?

A

extrinsic muscles of the eye

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33
Q

what are the different eye movements?

A

in addition there is also intort and extort and these movements occur when the head is tilted

in order ot keep the eyeballs focussed on an object the eyes rotate in the opposite direction

when the top of the eye rotates towards the nose it is called as intortion, and when it rotates away form the nose it is extortion

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34
Q

how many extrinsic muscles of the eye is there

A

6

4 have a straight course (recti)

2 are oblique

in addition the elevator of the upper eye lid is also considered as an extrinsic eye msucle even though it has no action on the eyeball itself

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35
Q

What is the muscle in the orbit that elevates the superior (upper) eyelid?

A

The levator palpebrae superioris

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36
Q

a

A

superior rectus

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37
Q

b

A

lateral rectus

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38
Q

c

A

inferior oblique

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39
Q

d

A

trochlea

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40
Q

e

A

superior oblique

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41
Q

f

A

meidal rectus

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42
Q

g

A

inferior rectus

43
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the extrinsic eye muscles?

A

CN III (oculomotor) = MR, IR, SR, IO

CN IV (trochlear) = SO

CN VI (abducens) = LR

44
Q

what is the action of the medial rectus

A

adduction

45
Q

what is the action of the lateral rectus

A

abduction

46
Q

what is the action of the superior rectus

A

elevation

adduction

intorsion

47
Q

what is the action of the inferior rectus

A

depression

adduction

extorsion

48
Q

what is the action of the superior oblique

A

depression

abduction

intorsion

49
Q

what is the action of the inferior oblique

A

extorsion

elevation

abduction

50
Q

what is the only muscle of the eye that does not arise form the posterior aspect of the orbit?

A

inferior oblique

51
Q

what are the ligaments that prevent over-adduction and over-abduction of the eye?

A

medial check ligaments and lateral check ligaments?

52
Q

what is the function of the suspensory ligament of the eye?

A

connect the ciliary body to the lens, holding it in place

53
Q

name the branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the orbit and the eye?

A

opthalmic artery

54
Q

which foramina in the orbit do the opthalmic veins pass through to enter into the cavernous sinus in the cranial cavity?

A

superior orbital fissure

55
Q

are there lymphatics in the eye?

A

no

56
Q

what part of the orbit does the lacirmal gland lie, medial or lateral?

A

lateral

57
Q

form which cranial nerve does parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland arise?

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

58
Q

into which meatus of the nasal cavity does it drain (via the nasolacrimal duct)

A

inferior meatus

59
Q

what are the ossicles?

A

bones in mmiddle ear

malleus

incus

stapes

60
Q

what type of joint is found between ossicles?

A

synovial joint

61
Q

which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane?

A

malleus

62
Q

which ossicle is in contact with the oval window?

A

stapes

63
Q

name 2 msucles related to the ossicles and their actions?

A

stapedius and tensor tympani

stabilize the stapes

Dampen loud sounds/reduce impact of loud noise. When tensed, the muscle pulls the malleus medially, tensing the tympanic membrane and damping vibration in the ear ossicles and thereby reducing the perceived amplitude of sounds

64
Q

name 2 areas which the cavity of the middle ear communicates?

A

nasopharynx

mastoid antrum (an air space in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, communicating posteriorly with the mastoid cells) to mastoid air cells

65
Q

within which part of the temporal bone does the middle and inner ear lie?

A

petroud part

66
Q

The inner ear consists of a series of bone lines chambers called the __________. Inside the bony labyrinth lies a series of membranous chambers called the ___________________

A

The inner ear consists of a series of bone lines chambers called the bony labyrinth. Inside the bony labyrinth lies a series of membranous chambers called the membranous labyrinth

67
Q

what is the fluid that lies within the bony labyrinth?

A

perilymph

68
Q

what is the fluid that lies within the membranoud labyrinth?

A

endolymph

69
Q

what is the function of the cochle and the semicircular canals?

A

cochlea - converts sound pressure impulses form the outer ear into electrical impulses which are passed to the brain via the auditory nerve

semicircular canals - the bodys balance organs

70
Q

a

A

semicircular canals

71
Q

b

A

auditory nerve

72
Q

c

A

cochlea

73
Q

d

A

eustacian tube

74
Q

e

A

stapes

75
Q

f

A

tympanic membrane

76
Q

g

A

incus

77
Q

h

A

malleus

78
Q

i

A

temporal bone

79
Q

through which foramen does the facial nerve exit the posterior cranial fossa? and which other cranial nerve als exits through this foramen?

A

internal auditory meatus

vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

80
Q

where deos the facial nerve run in relation to the middle ear?

A

runs in a canal (facial canal) on the medial wall of the middle ear cavity

81
Q

while the facial nerve is in the middle ear it gives off the chorda tympani nerve which carries what?

A

parasympathetic (preganglionic) efferent fibres destined for submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, these are secretomotor

sensory fibres carrying special sense of taste and this supplies the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

82
Q

lymph fluid passes through _______ lymph nodes and also through a terminal group of lymph nodes, the ____________ lymph nodes, before being reutrned to the venous circulation

A

regional

deep cervical

83
Q

what are the deep cervical lymph nodes?

A

A group of lmyph nodes which are found as a linked chain of nodes around the ineral jugular vein, and within the fascia of the carotid sheath. The chain of lymph nodes may extent from the base of the skull to the root of the neck at the thoracic inlet

84
Q

at the inferior end of the deep cervical chain of lymph noes, the efferent lympthatic vessels join together to form what on each side?

A

jugular lymph trunk

85
Q

where do the efferent lymphatics from these jugular lymph trunks drain into?

A

on the right side - right lymphatic duct

on the lieft side - thoracic duct

86
Q

name the different groups of nodes/lymphatics of the face and neck

A

parotid nodes

buccal

submental

submandibular

mastoid

occipital

87
Q

what is the location of each of the following groups of lymph nodes in the face and scalp?

parotid nodes

buccal

submental

submandibular

mastoid

occipital

A

parotid nodes - on or in parotid gland

buccal - over buccinator muscle

submental - anteriorly just under mandible

submandibular - below the lower border of body of mandible

mastoid - overlie mastoid process

occipital - overlie occipital process

88
Q

where do of each of the following groups of lymph nodes in the face and scalp drain lymph from?

parotid nodes

buccal

submental

submandibular

mastoid

occipital

A

parotid nodes - scalp around parotid gland, lateral parts of eyelids, and middle ear

buccal - cheek region

submental - anterior tongue tip, central part of the floor of the mouth and chin

submandibular - fornt of the scalp, nose lips, air sinuses - ethmoidal, frontal, maxillary; teeth, gums, anterior tongue, floor of the mouth; and efferent lymphatic form submental nodes

mastoid - middle regions of scalp and external auditory meatus

occipital - back of the scalp

89
Q

what is the name of groups of lymph nodes that drain lymph form the neck?

A

anteiror cervical nodes

superficial cervical

retropharyngeal

laryngeal

tracheal

90
Q

What is the location of the following lymph nodes in the neck?

anteiror cervical nodes

superficial cervical

retropharyngeal

laryngeal

tracheal

A

anteiror cervical nodes - lie along naterior jugular veins

superficial cervical - lie along external jugular vein

retropharyngeal - lie between the pharynx and the vertebral bodies

laryngeal - lie around the cricothyroid ligament

tracheal - around trachea

91
Q

Where do the following lymph nodes in the neck drain lymph from?

anteiror cervical nodes

superficial cervical

retropharyngeal

laryngeal

tracheal

A

anteiror cervical nodes - superifical structures of anterior neck

superficial cervical - form parotid nodes, and the angle of the mandible, structures that lie at the junction between the neck, the face and the scalp

retropharyngeal - nasopharynx, auditory tube, and the upper cervical vertebral column

laryngeal - larynx and adjacent structures

tracheal - trachea and thyroid gland

92
Q

efferent lymhpatic vessels from all these groups of lymph nodes carry lymph to the what?

A

deep cervical nodes

93
Q

what ;ymph node becomes swollen in tonsilitis?

A

a lymph node at the junction of the IJV and common facial vein, the jugulodigastic or the tonsillar node

becomes enlarged in tonsillitis and is the commonest encountered swelling in the neck

94
Q

what is bloc dissection of the neck for malignant disease

A

removal of lymph nodes of the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck and their associated lymph channels, together with those structures whcih must be excised in order to make this lymphatic ablation possible

it is sometimes ocmbined with en bloc removal of the primary tumour

95
Q

a

A

posterior auricular

96
Q

b

A

occipital

97
Q

c

A

superficial cervical

98
Q

d

A

deep cervical

99
Q

e

A

parotid

100
Q

f

A

buccal

101
Q

g

A

submandibular

102
Q

h

A

submental

103
Q

i

A

deep cervical

Anatomy Year 2 - Robbie (17 decks)

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