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Anatomy Year 2 - Robbie > Head and Neck Week 2 session 3 > Flashcards

Head and Neck Week 2 session 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the larynx?

A

produces sound and is a protective inlet to the respiratory system

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2
Q

with which structure is the larynx continuous superiorly?

A

pharynx

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3
Q

what does the larynx continue as inferiorly?

A

trachea

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4
Q

a

A

hyoid bone

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5
Q

b

A

thyroid cartilage

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6
Q

c

A

epiglottis

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7
Q

d

A

cricoid cartilage

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8
Q

e

A

epiglottis

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9
Q

f

A

thyroid cartilage

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10
Q

g

A

cricoid cartilage

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11
Q

h

A

cricoid cartilage

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12
Q

prominence on which of these cartilages makes the Adams apple in males?

A

thyroid

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13
Q

which of these cartilages is paired?

A

arytenoid

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14
Q

which of these cartilages is a complete ring shaped cartilage?

A

cricoid

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15
Q

the space between the laryngeal cartilages is occupied by what?

what is the name of the membrane between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage?

what is the name of the membrane between the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage?

A

dense connective tissue membranes

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16
Q

what membrane lies inferior to the vocal cord?

A

cricothyroid membrane

due to its position inferior to the vocal cords, this membrane is sometimes peirced in emergency situations where acute swelling of the vocal cords (due to anaphylactic reaction) causes stridor

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17
Q

what are the structures tht make up the laryngeal intlet

A

epiglottis

aryepiglottic folds

artenoid cartilage

mucosa between arytenoids

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18
Q

the lumen of the larynx is divided into 3 parts, what are there?

A
  1. the vestibule, or upper part, is the area between the laryngeal intlet and the vestibular folds (or false vocal cords)
  2. the middle part lies between the vestibular folds and the (true) vocal cords
  3. the lower part extends from the vocal cords to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage
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19
Q

what are vocal cords important for?

A

voice production

intrinsic muscles of the larynx control movement of the vocal fold as well as the controlling the diameter of the laryngeal inlet

20
Q

what is the nerve supply of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve, except from the cricothyroid muscle

the nerve arises from vagus nerve (CNX) but has a different course on each side

the cricothyroid muscle is supplied by the superior laryngeal nerve, also a branch of the vagus nerve

21
Q

what nerve of the larynx in vulnerable

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

vulnerable during many invasive procedures of the neck

22
Q

what would happen if the recurrent laryngel nerve was transected?

A

unilateral vocal cord paralysis on the side the nerve is cut

23
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the laryngeal

A

inferior branch of the superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerve

24
Q

how do the vocal cords look during:

normal respiration

rapid breathing e.g. after exercise

speaking/singing

A
25
Q

what forms the roof of the nasopharynx?

A

base of the skull/occipital and base of sphenoid

formed by the underside of the sphenoid, and the basal part of the occipital bone, slopes downward toward the foramen magnum

26
Q

in relation to the larynx, where does the (laryngo) pharynx lie?

A

posterior

27
Q

during swallowing the bolus of food/drink is directed to the oropharynx and then the oesophagus. what prevents the bolus from entering into the nasopharynx?

what prevents this bolus from entering the larynx?

A

soft palate

epiglottis

28
Q

what are the layers of the pharynx?

A
  1. outer muscular lyer
  2. middle fibrous layer
  3. inner mucous membrane
29
Q

what are the 2 outer muscular layers of the pharynx?

A

outer circular layer

inner longitudinal layer

30
Q

what makes up the outer circular muscle layer of the pharynx?

A

formed by 3 constrictors - superior, middle and inferior

arranged like flower pots placed on inside another

open in front at the enties of the nasal, bucal and laryngeal cavities

31
Q

what muscles make up the inner longitudinal muscle layer of the pharynx?

A

stylopharyngeus

salpingopharyngeus

palatopharyngeus

32
Q

what does the middle fibrous layer of the pharynx do?

A

merges with deep fascia of the muscles and fills in gaps between muscles

33
Q

a

A

superior constrictor

34
Q

b

A

middle constrictor

35
Q

c

A

inferior constrictor

36
Q

d

A

thyroid membrane

37
Q

e

A

cricothyroid muscle

38
Q

the pharynx recieves innervation from the……….

A

pharyngeal plexus

39
Q

branches of which 2 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus?

and which is sensory?

and which is motor?

A

CN IX and CN X

Glossopharngeal is sensory and vagus is motor

40
Q

what is the role played by the contrictor muscles of the pharynx during swallowing?

A

moves food downwards to the oesophagus

41
Q

what is the role played by the longitudinal layer of muscles of the pharynx during swallowing?

A

shorten and widen the pharynx

42
Q

what is the role played by the otngue and palate muscles during swallowing?

A

squeezes food bolus to the oesophagus

43
Q

what is the pharyngeal lymphoid ring (Waldeyers ring)?

A

a collection of lymphoid tissue that protects the entrace to the oropharyngx

44
Q

what is the purpose of having such a lymphoid ring in this location?

A

protect against things coming into the body

ammount an immune response

45
Q

what structures make up the pharyngeal lymphoid ring?

A

palatine tonsils

adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)

lingual tonsils

46
Q

what may repeated infections of these lymphoid collections, especially in children, lead to?

A

surgical removal

(tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

Anatomy Year 2 - Robbie (17 decks)

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