Head and Neck Week 1- skull, face, bones and neck Flashcards
(170 cards)
1
Q
cranial suture joint type
A
fibrous
2
Q
name for spongey bone in skull
A
diploe
3
Q
where is the lamboid suture
A
at back, between parietal and occipital and temporal
4
Q
what fontanelle closes first
A
posterior
5
Q
what bones is the superior nuchal line a part of
A
occipital
6
Q
what 2 bones form the zygomatic arch
A
zygomatic anteriorly
temporal posteriorly
7
Q
5 layers of the scalp
A
Skin
Connective
Aponeurosis of occipital muscle- epicranial
Loos areolar connective
pericranium
8
Q
epicranial layer of scalp connects…
A
frontal and occipital bellies of ocipitofromtalis
9
Q
what does eyebrow do when: occipital and frontalis muscles move together
A
eyebrows rise
10
Q
what does eyebrow do when: frontalis muscle moves alone
A
frowning
11
Q
sensory nerve supply to the front of the head
A
trigeminal-
ophthalmic V1
maxillary V2
mandibular V3
12
Q
sensory nerve supply to back of the head
A
anterior and posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C2 + C3
13
Q
what forms from the ventral rami of C5-T1
A
brachial plexus sensory and motor
14
Q
what layer of scalp has blood vessels
A
dense connective
15
Q
arterial origin supply to scalp
A
ECA
16
Q
what artery is the superficial temporal a branch of
and where does it split
A
ECA
inside parotid gland
17
Q
what are emissary veins
A
valveless veins where diploic veins of skull anastomose with scalp veins
18
Q
lymph drainage of the scalp
A
no nodes
straight into lymph nodes of head and neck
19
Q
where do the muscles of facial expression lie
A
in superficial fascia of the neck and face
20
Q
functions of muscles of facial expression: orbicularis oculi palpebral part
A
close eyelids loosely
21
Q
functions of muscles of facial expression: occipital frontalis
A
retracts scalp
22
Q
functions of muscles of facial expression: orbicularis oculi orbital
A
close eye lids tightly
winking
23
Q
functions of muscles of facial expression: frontlis
A
raises eyebrows
24
Q
functions of muscles of facial expression: buccinator
A
presses cheeks against teeth while eating
25
functions of muscles of facial expression: platysma
Depresses mandible and angle of mouth,
tenses skin of lower face and anterior neck
26
functions of muscles of facial expression: orbicularis oris
shape lips
close mouth
resist blowing
27
what branch of facial nerve comes from anterior parotid
buccal
28
3 structures that pass into parotid
1. facial nerve
2.external carotid artery
3. retromandibular vein
29
Which division of the autonomic nervous system would be secretomotor to the parotid
salivary gland?
which nerve supplies parasympthetic
and sympathetic
parasympathetic
glossopharyngeal CN IX
superior cervical ganglion
30
Which bone does the facial artery wind around to reach the face?
mandible
31
Where does the facial artery end?
medial aspect of the eye
32
what vein does the facial and superficial temporal vein drain to
IJV
33
Vertebral Compartment:
Cervical vertebrae and Postural muscles (Prevertebral &
Postvertebral muscles)
34
what do the Vascular Compartments contain (one on each side):
contains major blood vessels and the
vagus nerve
35
Visceral compartment:
contains thyroid, parathyroid glands (and part of thymus),
Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea & oesophagus
36
what are the compartments of the neck enclosed bt
musculofascial collar
37
joint type between occipital condyles and C1 atls
synocial condyloid
38
joint type between C1 and C2 odontoid peg
synovial pivot
39
What structures pass through the foramen transversarium? (hole in vertebrae) x3
vertebral artery and vein
plexus of sympathetic nerves.
40
What is the vertebra prominens?
vertebra- C7
prominens as its prominent spinous process is palpable through the skin
41
borders of anterior triangle
Superiorly – inferior border of mandible (jawbone).
Laterally – anterior border of sternocleidomastoid.
Medially – sagittal line down the midline of the neck- middle of neck
42
contents of anterior triangle
musclesx2
blood vessels x2
nerves x4
Suprahyoid
Infrahyoid muscles
common carotid artery- bifurcates into ECA and ICA
IJV
facial [VII],
glossopharyngeal [IX]
vagus[X]
accessory [XI]
hypoglossal [XII] nerves
7,9,10,11,12
43
border of posterior triangle
Anterior – posterior border of sternocleidomastoid.
Posterior – anterior border of trapezius
Inferior – middle 1/3 of the clavicle
44
contetnts of post triangle: main muscle, vein, nerves and plexuses
omohyoid
EJV
accessory and phrenic
brachial and cervical plexus
45
contents of posterior triangle
muscles x4
blood vessels x4
nerves x4
Omohyoid muscle and it’s 2 bellies
Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Anterior, middle and posterior scalenes
External jugular
subclavian, transverse cervical and suprascapular
vein/arteries
accessory nerve CN XI
phrenic nerve
cervical plexus C1-4
brachial plexus C5-T1
46
attachments of the sternocleidomastoid
STERNO-the manubrium of sternum
CLEIDO-the clavicle (-cleido-), and the mastoid
MASTOID- mastoid process of the temporal bone (-mastoid).
47
function of the sternocleidomastoid- what happens to head and face when right one is contracted
head would tilt right
face would turn left
48
actions of upper middle and lower trapezius
upper- elevate scapula
middle- retract scapula
lower- depress scapula
49
Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
and what triangle is it found
accessory CN XI
posterior
50
4 sub triangles of anterior triangle
submental
submandibular/digastric
carotid
muscular
51
sub triangles of ant triangle boundaries: submental
Inferiorly – hyoid bone.
Medially – midline of the neck.
Laterally – anterior belly of the digastric
52
sub triangles of ant triangle boundaries: submandibular/digastric
Superiorly – body of the mandible.
Anteriorly – anterior belly of the digastric muscle.
Posteriorly – posterior belly of the digastric muscle
53
sub triangles of ant triangle boundaries: carotid
Superior – posterior belly of the digastric muscle.
Lateral – medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Inferior – superior belly of the omohyoid muscl
54
sub triangles of ant triangle contents: submental
submental lymoh
55
sub triangles of ant triangle contents: submandibular x3
submandibular gland (salivary)
submandibular lymph node
The facial artery and vein
56
sub triangles of ant triangle contents: carotid x4
common carotid artery which bifurcates into ECA and ICA
IJV
hypoglossal
vagus
57
sub triangles of ant triangle contents: muscular x4
infrahyoid muscles
the pharynx
thyroid
parathyroid glands.
58
sub triangles of ant triangle boundaries: muscular
Superiorly – hyoid bone.
Medially – imaginary midline of the neck.
Supero-laterally – superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.
Infero-laterally – inferior portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
59
Which artery
is the common carotid artery a branch of on right and left
On the right side- Brachiocephalic trunk
On the left side- arch of aorta
60
what does all blood supply to head originate from
common carotid
61
what triangle does the common carotid run in
and what contains it
in the anterior triangle of the neck
within the carotid sheath.
62
contents of carotid sheath x3
CCA
jugular vein
vagus nerve
63
what level does the common carotid devide
C4
64
what branch of common carotid gives off branches in the neck
ECA
65
what branch of common carotid is most lateral
ICA
66
What are the two terminal branches of the ECA
and within which gland
maxillary
superficial temporal arteries
parotid gland
67
where does the IJV emerge from
and where does that inturn sit
jugular venous sinus
juguar foramen
68
Which vein of the upper limb does the IJV merge with
and what is the name of the vein that is formed?
subclavian
brachiocephalic
69
what position is the EJV
what does it drain
superficial
scalp and face
70
In relation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, where does the EJV run
superficial
71
Which vein does the EJV drain into
subclavian
72
Where does the vagus nerve lie in relation to the vascular contents of the carotid sheath
posterior in between carotid artery and IJV
73
what plexus does the phrenic nerve emerge from
cervical plexus
74
Where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the carotid sheath?
posterior deep to vertebral column
75
sets of muscles attached to the hyoid bone x4
1. Suprahyoid muscles
2. Infrahyoid muscles
3. Hyoglossus/Genioglossus (a muscle of the tongue)
4. Middle pharyngeal constrictor (a muscle of the pharynx)
76
innervation of suprahyoid muscles: mylohyoid
CN V3 mandibular trigrminal
77
innervation of suprahyoid muscles: genioyoid
anterior ramus of spinal nerve C1 carried
by the hypoglossal nerve.
78
innervation of suprahyoid muscles: digastric
ant belly: CN V3 mandibular
post belly: facial nerve CN VIII
79
innervation of suprahyoid muscles: stylohyoid
facial CN VIII
80
what actions do the sternohyoid have on the mandible and on the hyoid bone
move hyoid up
move mandible down
81
suprahyoid muscles x4
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
digastric
stylohyoid
82
infrahyoid muscles x4
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
omohyoid
83
innervation of 3/4 infrahyoid muscles
sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid
Anterior rami of spinal nerves C1-C3
(via ansa cervicalis)
84
innervation of infrahyoid muscles: exception
thyrohyoid
C1 by hitching a ride on hypoglossal nerve
85
what action does the infrahyoid muscles have on the hyoid bone and larynx
depress hyoid
thyrohyoid- elevate larynx
sternothyroid depress larynx
86
root value of cervical nerve plexus
and what nerve comes from this
C1-4
phrenic
87
What is the ansa cervicalis
nerve loop in cervical plexus innervating the infrahyoid
muscles in the anterior cervical triangle.
88
What is the ansa cervicalis
nerve loop in cervical plexus innervating the infrahyoid
muscles in the anterior cervical triangle.
89
root value of cervical plexus
C1-C4
90
At what level (in relation to the trachea or larynx) does the isthmus of the thyroid gland lie?
anterior to 2nd or 3rd tracheal cartilages
91
relations of thyroid gland: strap muscles are ___ to thyroid
anterior
92
relations of thyroid gland: sternocleidomastoid is ___ to thyroid
anterior lateral
93
relations of thyroid gland: carotid sheath is ___ to thyroid
lateral
94
relations of thyroid gland: recurrent laryngeal nerve is ___ to thyroid
posterior
95
relations of thyroid gland: external laryngeal nerve is ___ to thyroid
superior
96
relations of thyroid gland: parathyroid is___ to thyroid
anterior
(not visible to naked eye)
97
name all the bones
yellow = frontal
light blue = zygomatic
purple = maxilla
green = temporal
dark blue = occipital
pink = parietal
98
whats the yellow and purple bones
yellow = sphenoid
purple = mandible
99
name the bones
brown = nasal
blue = lacrimal
yellow = ethmoid
100
name the 3 protuberances
red= mastoid process
blue= styloid process
purple= occipital condyles
101
what are the light and dark blue things
light = lesser wing
dark = greater wing
102
whats the pink thing
pituitary fossa
103
identify the different features
orange = pterygoid plates of sphenoid bone
blue = mastoid process with styloid process sticking out
purple = occipital condyle
yellow = palatine bone
104
name all the sinuses
yellow = frontal
green = sphenoid
orange = ethmoid
blue = maxillary
105
name the 3 ossicles
blue = hammer
red = anvil
grey = stirrup
106
name the layer of the scalp
pink = skin
purple = aponeurosis
yellow = periosteum
107
name the 3 blue areas of nerve supply
dark = opthalmic trigeminal
middle = maxillary trigeminal
light = mandibular trigeminal
108
name the 3 red areas of nerve supply including nerve level
red = posterior rami of C2-3
pink = anterior rami of lesser occipital C2
magenta = supraclavicular C4
109
what are the orange arteries
what branch of carotid do they come form
supra trochlear
ICA
110
what is the blue artery
what branch of carotid does it come from
supraorbital
ICA- both arteries in front of face are ICA
111
whats the green artery
what branch of carotid
superficial temporal
ECA
112
whats the pink artery
what branch does it come from
posterior auricular
ECA
113
whats the purple artery
what branch does it come from
occipital
ECA
114
what are the blue veins
dark = supraorbital
medium = supratrochlear
light = facial
grey-blue = anterior jugular
115
what are the red and pink veins
red = internal jugular
pink = external jugular
116
what are the purple and green veins
purple = subclavian
green = superficial temopral
117
whats the green vein
superficial temporal
118
whats the light blue vein
external jugular
119
whats the dark blue vein
internal jugular
120
whats the purple vein
anterior jugular
121
name the branches of the facial nerve
and the mnemonic
green = temporal
blue = zygomatic
pink = buccal
purple = marginal mandibular
red = cervical
Tall
Zebras
Buy
Milk chocolate
Mousse
Conservatively
122
name the green, red and yellow arteries
green = superficial temporal
red = ECA
yellow = facial
123
name these compartments
pink = visceral
red = vascular
dark red = musculofascial collar
yellow = vertebral
124
what part of spine is this from
whats the grey part
cervical
body
125
whats the 2 green spaces
light = foramen transversum- at side so transverse
dark = Intervertebral foramen- inter so inside main bit
126
whats the orange, yellow and blue parts
orange = transverse process- at side
yellow = spinous process
blue = articular facet
127
what are the purple and pink muscles
purple = stylohyoid
pink = ant belly of digastric
128
whats the orange muscle
inferior belly of omohyoid
129
what are the red and blue muscles
red = sternocleidomastoid
blue = trapezius
130
what are the red and pink branches
red = right common artery
pink = right subclavian
131
what are the 2 blue branches
dark = left common carotid
light = left subclavian
132
whats the purple branch
brachiocephalic
133
whats the red box
what does it contain
what triangle is it in
carotid sheath
common carotid A
jugular
vagus nerve
anterior
134
name these parts of the hyoid bone
dark blue = greater horn
light blue = lesser horn
grey = body
135
whats the red muscle
what does its prefix mean
geniohyoid
genio = chin "chinio"
136
whats the green muscle
what does it's prefix mean
mylohyoid
mylo = molars as it attatches near teeth. its big and wide like molars are
137
whats the blue muscle
thyrohyoid
138
whats the yellow muslce
sterno thyroid
139
whats the orange muscle
sternohyoid- behind sternothyroid
140
whats the purple muscle
what does its suffix mean
sup belly of omohyoid
omo = shoulder and scapula so its the one that attatches over there
141
whats the dark and light brown muscles
dark = ant belly of digastric
light = post belly
142
identify the red vessels
right and left common carotids
143
whats the red artery
superior thyroid artery
144
whats the dark blue vein
superior thryoid vein
145
whats the middle blue vein
middle thyroid vein
146
whats the grey blue vein
IJV
147
whats the light blue vein
inferior thyroid
148
whats the 2 dark red muscles
sternocleidomastoid
149
what are the red, yellow and blue things
red = anterior belly of digastric
yellow = parotid gland
blue = anterior jugular vein
150
what are the red purple and green muscles
red = omohyoid
purple = scalene
green = sternothyroid
151
the green thing
EJV- sits over sternocleidomastoid
152
name the 3 arteries
green = ECA
purple = ICA
pink = subclavian
153
name the 3 veins
dark blue = EJC
ligh blue = IJV
purple = brachiocephalic
154
identify
sphenoid sinus
155
name the blue and purple muscles
blue = temporalis
purple = masseter
156
name the 2 green muscles
light green = lateral pterygoid
dark green = medial pterygoid
157
whats the blue thing
Trigeminal nerve ganglion
158
what forms the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck
Prevertebral fascia
159
what muscle is surrounded by the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
sternocleidomastoid
160
Which potential space in the neck could allow for the tracking of pus into the posterior mediastinum
Retropharyngeal
161
what is the isthmus of the thyroid related to
Tracheal cartilaginous rings
162
Which nerve runs close to the sup thyroid artery
External Laryngeal nerve
163
whats the The squamous part of the temporal bone
the flat part of the skull you can feel on the side of the head
164
what part of the temporal bone do the ossicles sit in
Petrous part
165
what muscle is the aponeurosis of in SCALP
Occipitofrontalis
166
Which of the following is NOT found within the parotid salivary gland?
Select one:
a. Facial artery
b. External Carotid artery
c. Maxillary artery
d. Superficial temporal artery
e. Facial nerve
a. Facial artery
167
what muscle is being used here
buccinator
168
From which artery does the facial artery arise?
ECA
169
what type of view is this
occipitomental/waters
170
what type of view is this
AP/Towns
